Marine-derived Phoma—the gold mine of bioactive compounds

Abstract

The genus Phoma contains several species ubiquitously present in soil, water, and environment. There are two major groups of Phoma, viz., terrestrial and marine. After 1981 researchers all over the world have focused on marine-derived Phoma for their bioactive compounds. The marine Phoma are very rich sources for novel bioactive secondary metabolites, which could potentially be used as drugs. Recently, a large number of structurally unique metabolites with potential biological and pharmacological activities have been isolated from the marine Phoma species particularly Phoma herbarum, P. sorghina, and P. tropica. These metabolites mainly include diterpenes, enolides, lactones, quinine, phthalate, and anthraquinone. Most of these compounds possess antimicrobial, anticancer, radical scavenging, and cytotoxic properties. The present review has been focused on the general background of Phoma, current approaches used for its identification and their limitations, difference between terrestrial and marine Phoma species. In addition, this review summarizes the novel bioactive compounds derived from marine Phoma and their biological activities.

Two New Spiro-Heterocyclic γ-Lactams from A Marine-Derived Aspergillus fumigatus Strain CUGBMF170049

“…Marine-derived fungi are important resources of structurally and biologically diverse secondary metabolites in drug discovery [1,2,3,4,5,6]. A series of novel marine natural compounds have been isolated from marine-derived fungi of Aspergillus fumigatus strains, such as E -β- trans -5,8,11-trihydroxybergamot-9-ene and β- trans -2β,5,15-trihydroxybergamot-10-ene [7], diketopiperazines [8,9], indole alkaloids [10], fumigaclavine C [11], fumiquinazoline K [12], and gliotoxin analogues [13].…”

Antibiotics from Extremophilic Micromycetes

“…These new biologically active compounds showed selective antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus. The well-known anthraqui-nones methylaverantin (27) [84], averantin (28) [84], and averytrin (29) [85] were also isolated. Another example of the dimeric anthraquinone is a well-known mycotoxin, viomellein (44) [86].…”

“…Due to the unique features of polyextremophilic adaptation and a wide range of secondary metabolites, marine fungi are an interesting object in terms of expanding the pharmacophore space [7,17]. High interest in marine micromycetes is reflected in some reviews of the literature data on their biodiversity and the spectrum of metabolites [18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35]. Secondary metabolites of marine micromycetes are mentioned in reviews concerning the biotechnological potential of the entire biodiversity of marine microorganisms [18,24,26,27,33,34].…”

“…They are also described in several specialized reviews. In recent years, generalized data on active secondary metabolites of micromycete genera, which are common among marine microorganisms, i.e., Phoma [28], Penicillium [21], and Aspergillus [30] have been summarized. A growing number of publications on new biologically active compounds isolated from marine micromycetes have led to reviews of both their active metabolites in general [19,20,23,29], and specific chemical classes of compounds, i.e., anthraquinones [22] and peptides [32].…”

Biomimetics – Nature's roadmap to insights and solutions for burden of lifestyle diseases

“…Since complex marine field samples can be used to investigate bioactivities from otherwise inaccessible sources , this open up for a novel source of drugs with the conceivable use in human medicine, such as for treatment of obesity . For example, marine‐derived phoma (phytopathogens widely distributed in aquatic systems) possess anti‐cancer, anti‐microbial, radical scavenging and cytotoxic properties, and has been regarded as a source of supply for novel bioactive compounds . Fish, the most diverse class of vertebrates with >20 000 existing species, provide a vast spectrum of species for bio‐inspired research.…”