Galectin-9 is an easy to measure biomarker for the interferon signature in systemic lupus erythematosus and antiphospholipid syndrome

Hoogen, Lucas L van den; Roon, Joël A G van; Mertens, Jorre S.; Wienke, Judith; Lopes, Ana P; Jager, Wilco de; Rossato, Marzia; Pandit, Aridaman; Wichers, Catharina G K; Wijk, Femke van; Fritsch-Stork, Ruth; Radstake, Timothy R D J

doi:10.1136/annrheumdis-2018-213497

Cited by 61 publications

(60 citation statements)

References 19 publications

(12 reference statements)

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“…In patients with juvenile DM, high circulating interferon‐α levels have been found, and in one group of patients with juvenile DM, more than 75% of patients had a positive interferon signature . Circulating galectin‐9 and CXCL10 levels could therefore be a direct reflection of active, interferon‐driven inflammation, which is supported by a recent study in which galectin‐9 was demonstrated to be a marker for the interferon signature in SLE and antiphospholipid syndrome .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 66%

Galectin‐9 and CXCL10 as Biomarkers for Disease Activity in Juvenile Dermatomyositis: A Longitudinal Cohort Study and Multicohort Validation

Wienke

Enders

Lim

et al. 2019

Arthritis & Rheumatology

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Objective Objective evaluation of disease activity is challenging in patients with juvenile dermatomyositis (DM) due to a lack of reliable biomarkers, but it is crucial to avoid both under‐ and overtreatment of patients. Recently, we identified 2 proteins, galectin‐9 and CXCL10, whose levels are highly correlated with the extent of juvenile DM disease activity. This study was undertaken to validate galectin‐9 and CXCL10 as biomarkers for disease activity in juvenile DM, and to assess their disease specificity and potency in predicting the occurrence of flares. Methods Levels of galectin‐9 and CXCL10 were measured by multiplex immunoassay in serum samples from 125 unique patients with juvenile DM in 3 international cross‐sectional cohorts and a local longitudinal cohort. The disease specificity of both proteins was examined in 50 adult patients with DM or nonspecific myositis (NSM) and 61 patients with other systemic autoimmune diseases. Results Both cross‐sectionally and longitudinally, galectin‐9 and CXCL10 outperformed the currently used laboratory marker, creatine kinase (CK), in distinguishing between juvenile DM patients with active disease and those in remission (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve [AUC] 0.86–0.90 for galectin‐9 and CXCL10; AUC 0.66–0.68 for CK). The sensitivity and specificity for active disease in juvenile DM was 0.84 and 0.92, respectively, for galectin‐9 and 0.87 and 1.00, respectively, for CXCL10. In 10 patients with juvenile DM who experienced a flare and were prospectively followed up, continuously elevated or rising biomarker levels suggested an imminent flare up to several months before the onset of symptoms, even in the absence of elevated CK levels. Galectin‐9 and CXCL10 distinguished between active disease and remission in adult patients with DM or NSM (P = 0.0126 for galectin‐9 and P < 0.0001 for CXCL10) and were suited for measurement in minimally invasive dried blood spots (healthy controls versus juvenile DM, P = 0.0040 for galectin‐9 and P < 0.0001 for CXCL10). Conclusion In this study, galectin‐9 and CXCL10 were validated as sensitive and reliable biomarkers for disease activity in juvenile DM. Implementation of these biomarkers into clinical practice as tools to monitor disease activity and guide treatment might facilitate personalized treatment strategies.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 66%

Galectin‐9 and CXCL10 as Biomarkers for Disease Activity in Juvenile Dermatomyositis: A Longitudinal Cohort Study and Multicohort Validation

Wienke

Enders

Lim

et al. 2019

Arthritis & Rheumatology

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“…Despite an important role of type 1 IFNs, the direct quantification of type 1 IFNs has been challenging. We focused on Galectin-9, which was shown to be a potential biomarker for the interferon signature [7], with regard to SLE disease activity. The major finding in this study is that circulating levels of Gal-9 are elevated in patients with SLE and are correlated with SLE disease activity and could be a discriminator between SLE patients with and without organ damage distinguished by SLCC Fig 6. Serum levels of Gal-9 in SLE patients with or without active organ involvements.…”

Section: Neuropsychiatric Manifestations and Csf Levels Of Gal-9mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Surrogate markers for the IFN signature, such as CXCL 10, have been evaluated in SLE patients [5]; however, easy and accurate methods to measure IFN signatures have not been generally established [6]. More recently, Hoogenet et al demonstrated that galactin-9 (Gal-9) is a novel, easy to measure biomarker for type1 IFN signatures and Gal-9 could aid in clinical decision marking in SLE [7]. Gal-9, one of the β-galactoside binding lectins, plays important regulatory roles in autoimmune diseases [8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Galectin-9 as a biomarker for disease activity in systemic lupus erythematosus

et al. 2020

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BackgroundSystemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease characterized by elevated interferon (IFN) signature genes. Galectin-9 (Gal-9) is a β-galactoside-binding lectin that is reportedly useful as a biomarker for IFN gene signatures. In a cross-sectional study of Japanese patients with recent-onset SLE, we aimed to determine whether raised serum Gal-9 levels were associated with the disease activity or organ damage seen in SLE patients. OPEN ACCESS Citation: Matsuoka N, Fujita Y, Temmoku J, Furuya MY, Asano T, Sato S, et al. (2020) Galectin-9 as a biomarker for disease activity in systemic lupus erythematosus. PLoS ONE 15(1): e0227069. Methods Patients and clinical evaluationsA total of 58 Japanese patients with recent-onset SLE were included in the study. SLE patients were enrolled within 32 months (mean 18 month, range 0-32) of SLE diagnosis, which was Galectin-9 and lupus disease activity PLOS ONE | https://doi.

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“…In our opinion, the evidence is too preliminary to make this determination. Findings of current studies about the role of Gal‐9 in lupus are inconsistent . Van den Hoogen et al showed that serum levels of Gal‐9, CXCL10, and tumor necrosis factor receptor type II (TNFRII) were elevated in patients with SLE and correlated with disease activity and tissue factor expression .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Findings of current studies about the role of Gal‐9 in lupus are inconsistent . Van den Hoogen et al showed that serum levels of Gal‐9, CXCL10, and tumor necrosis factor receptor type II (TNFRII) were elevated in patients with SLE and correlated with disease activity and tissue factor expression . Gal‐9 correlated more strongly than CXCL10 or TNFRII with the interferon (IFN) score and was superior to CXCL10 or TNFRII in detecting the IFN signature in patients with SLE, suggesting that it may be a biomarker for SLE .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Galectin 9: Friend or Foe of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus? Comment on the Article by Zeggar et al

Huang

2019

Arthritis & Rheumatology

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Galectin-9 is an easy to measure biomarker for the interferon signature in systemic lupus erythematosus and antiphospholipid syndrome

Abstract: Galectin-9 is a novel, easy to measure hence clinically applicable biomarker to detect the IFN signature in patients with systemic autoimmune diseases such as SLE and APS.

Cited by 61 publications

References 19 publications

Galectin‐9 and CXCL10 as Biomarkers for Disease Activity in Juvenile Dermatomyositis: A Longitudinal Cohort Study and Multicohort Validation

Galectin‐9 and CXCL10 as Biomarkers for Disease Activity in Juvenile Dermatomyositis: A Longitudinal Cohort Study and Multicohort Validation

Galectin-9 as a biomarker for disease activity in systemic lupus erythematosus

Galectin 9: Friend or Foe of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus? Comment on the Article by Zeggar et al

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