Persistence of Varicella-Zoster Virus Cell-Mediated Immunity After the Administration of a Second Dose of Live Herpes Zoster Vaccine

Weinberg, Adriana; Popmihajlov, Zoran; Schmader, Kenneth E.; Johnson, Michael J.; Caldas, Yupanqui; Tovar-Salazar, Adriana; Canniff, Jennifer; McCarson, Barbara J.; Martin, Jason; Pang, Lei; Levin, Myron J.

doi:10.1093/infdis/jiy514

Cited by 23 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…In addition to this, data on long-term follow-up indicates that vaccine-induced immune responses decline over time. Revaccination can have a booster effect although current evidence is not sufficient to support revaccination of older people (102).…”

Section: Herpes Zoster Vaccinesmentioning

confidence: 87%

Targeting Inflammation and Immunosenescence to Improve Vaccine Responses in the Elderly

2020

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One of the most appreciated consequences of immunosenescence is an impaired response to vaccines with advanced age. While most studies report impaired antibody responses in older adults as a correlate of vaccine efficacy, it is now widely appreciated that this may fail to identify important changes occurring in the immune system with age that may affect vaccine efficacy. The impact of immunosenescence on vaccination goes beyond the defects on antibody responses as T cell-mediated responses are reshaped during aging and certainly affect vaccination. Likewise, age-related changes in the innate immune system may have important consequences on antigen presentation and priming of adaptive immune responses. Importantly, a low-level chronic inflammatory status known as inflammaging has been shown to inhibit immune responses to vaccination and pharmacological strategies aiming at blocking baseline inflammation can be potentially used to boost vaccine responses. Yet current strategies aiming at improving immunogenicity in the elderly have mainly focused on the use of adjuvants to promote local inflammation. More research is needed to understand the role of inflammation in vaccine responses and to reconcile these seemingly paradoxical observations. Alternative approaches to improve vaccine responses in the elderly include the use of higher vaccine doses or alternative routes of vaccination showing only limited benefits. This review will explore novel targets and potential new strategies for enhancing vaccine responses in older adults, including the use of anti-inflammatory drugs and immunomodulators.

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Section: Herpes Zoster Vaccinesmentioning

confidence: 87%

Targeting Inflammation and Immunosenescence to Improve Vaccine Responses in the Elderly

2020

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“…Therefore, the varicella vaccination coverage should be broadened in China. Moreover, although the varicella vaccine is a live, attenuated vaccine, several studies have indicated that a second dose of the vaccine would provide higher antibody levels [23][24][25]. Moreover, the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practice and German Standing Committee on Vaccination have already recommended a second dose varicella vaccine because of the waning of immunity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seroprevalence and molecular characteristics of varicella-zoster virus infection in Chinese children

Luan

Shen

Qiu

et al. 2019

Preprint

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Background Varicella-zoster virus (VZV) infection in children is an important public health problem in China. We performed the current study to explore the seroprevalence of VZV infection in Chinese children in order to provide more information for improvement of varicella vaccination in China. Methods 3014 serum samples were collected from Chinese kindergarten students aged from four to six years. Anti-VZV IgG and IgM were assayed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Both ORF22 and ORF62 of VZV were amplified, sequenced, and analyzed by nested PCR. Results Totally, 43.9% of boys and 46.3% of girls were vaccinated with varicella vaccine, respectively. The seroprevalence of anti-VZV IgG was 54.4% in the children with varicella vaccination, which was significantly higher than those in unvaccinated children (49.2%) (χ2=8.206, P=0.004). Among of the vaccinated children, the detection rates of VZV IgG antibody increased with age, with 49.4%, 50.9% and 58.9% in 4, 5 and 6-year groups, respectively (Trend χ2=17.202, P=0.002). However, there was no difference in anti-VZV IgG detection rates among those unvaccinated children in different age groups (Trend χ2=8.681, P=0.070). In addition, thirteen boys and 13 girls were positive for anti-VZV IgM, respectively. Among of them, eight children (0.6%) have received varicella vaccination, which was similar to those in unvaccinated children (1.1%). However, only one ORF22 sequence was isolated from an unvaccinated 5-year boy. Compared to the reference VZV sequences, the nucleotide homology was estimated to be 99.7% with genotype J. Conclusions Our study indicated that about half of Chinese children aged four to six years have a high risk of VZV infection. It should be helpful for the evaluation on the necessity of varicella immunization in China.

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“…Therefore, the varicella vaccination coverage should be broadened in China. Although the varicella vaccine is a live, attenuated vaccine, several studies have indicated that a second dose of the vaccine would provide higher antibody levels [23][24][25]. Moreover, the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practice and German Standing Committee on Vaccination have recommended a second dose varicella vaccine because of the waning of immunity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seroprevalence and molecular characteristics of varicella-zoster virus infection in Chinese children

Luan

Shen

Qiu

et al. 2019

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background:Varicella-zoster virus (VZV) infection in children is an important public health problem in China. We performed the current study to explore the seroprevalence of VZV infection in Chinese children in order to provide more information for improvement of varicella vaccination in China. Methods: 3014 children were recruited from Chinesekindergarten students aged from four to six years.Anti-VZVIgG and IgM were assayed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. BothORF22and ORF62 of VZV were amplified, sequenced, and analyzed by nested PCR. Results:Among 3014 children,43.9% of boys and 46.3% of girls were vaccinated with varicella vaccine, respectively. The seroprevalence of anti-VZV IgG was 54.4% in the children with varicella vaccination, which was significantly higher than those in unvaccinated children (49.2%) (χ2=8.206, P=0.004). Among of the vaccinated children, the detection rates of VZV IgG antibody increased with age, with 49.4%, 50.9% and 58.9% in 4, 5 and 6-year groups, respectively (Trend χ2=17.202, P=0.002). However, there was no difference in anti-VZV IgG detection rates among those unvaccinated children in different age groups (Trend χ2=8.681, P=0.070). In addition, thirteen boys and 13 girls were positive for anti-VZV IgM, respectively. Among of them, eight children (0.6%) have received varicella vaccination, which was similar to those in unvaccinated children (1.1%). However, only one ORF22 sequence was isolated from an unvaccinated 5-year boy. Compared to the reference VZV sequences, the nucleotide homology was estimated to be 99.7% with genotype J. Conclusions:Our study indicated that about half of Chinese children aged four to six years have a high risk of VZV infection. It should be helpful for the evaluation on the necessity of varicella immunization in China.

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Persistence of Varicella-Zoster Virus Cell-Mediated Immunity After the Administration of a Second Dose of Live Herpes Zoster Vaccine

Cited by 23 publications

References 13 publications

Targeting Inflammation and Immunosenescence to Improve Vaccine Responses in the Elderly

Targeting Inflammation and Immunosenescence to Improve Vaccine Responses in the Elderly

Seroprevalence and molecular characteristics of varicella-zoster virus infection in Chinese children

Seroprevalence and molecular characteristics of varicella-zoster virus infection in Chinese children

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