Genotyping and Quantifying Lyme Pathogen Strains by Deep Sequencing of the Outer Surface Protein C (<i>ospC</i>) Locus

Di, Lijun; Wan, Zhinian; Akther, Saymon; Ying, Chunxiao; Larracuente, Amanda M.; L, Li; Chen, Di; Nunez, Roy; Cucura, D. Moses; Nl, Goddard; Krampis, Konstantinos; Wg, Qiu

doi:10.1128/jcm.00940-18

Cited by 16 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 60 publications

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“…Studies on wild I. ricinus nymphs found that 77-79% of the nymphs are co-infected with multiple strains of B. afzelii and that nymphs carry an average of 2.4-2.9 strains (Durand et al, 2015(Durand et al, , 2017. Numerous studies in North America have found that wild I. scapularis ticks are commonly infected with multiple strains of B. burgdorferi ss (Wang et al, 1999;Qiu et al, 2002;Brisson and Dykhuizen, 2004;Walter et al, 2016;Di et al, 2018). Thus, co-infected nymphs are the norm rather than the exception in areas where Lyme disease is endemic.…”

Section: Relevance Of Our Study To the Situation In Naturementioning

confidence: 99%

Competition Between Strains of Borrelia afzelii in Immature Ixodes ricinus Ticks Is Not Affected by Season

Genné

Sarr

Rais

et al. 2019

Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol.

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Vector-borne pathogens often consist of genetically distinct strains that can establish co-infections in the vertebrate host and the arthropod vector. Co-infections (or mixed infections) can result in competitive interactions between strains with important consequences for strain abundance and transmission. Here we used the spirochete bacterium, Borrelia afzelii, as a model system to investigate the interactions between strains inside its tick vector, Ixodes ricinus. Larvae were fed on mice infected with either one or two strains of B. afzelii. Engorged larvae were allowed to molt into nymphs that were subsequently exposed to three seasonal treatments (artificial summer, artificial winter, and natural winter), which differed in temperature and light conditions. We used strain-specific qPCRs to quantify the presence and abundance of each strain in the immature ticks. Co-infection in the mice reduced host-to-tick transmission to larval ticks and this effect was maintained in the resultant nymphs at 1 and 4 months after the larva-to-nymph molt. Competition between strains in co-infected ticks reduced the abundance of both strains. This inter-strain competition occurred in the three life stages that we investigated: engorged larvae, recently molted nymphs, and overwintered nymphs. The abundance of B. afzelii in the nymphs declined by 40.5% over a period of 3 months, but this phenomenon was not influenced by the seasonal treatment. Future studies should investigate whether inter-strain competition in the tick influences the subsequent strain-specific transmission success from the tick to the vertebrate host.

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Section: Relevance Of Our Study To the Situation In Naturementioning

confidence: 99%

Competition Between Strains of Borrelia afzelii in Immature Ixodes ricinus Ticks Is Not Affected by Season

Genné

Sarr

Rais

et al. 2019

Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol.

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“…Diverse genomic groups co-exist within LB populations, often infecting a single tick and presumably a single vertebrate host (Rauter and Hartung, 2005;Andersson et al, 2013;Di et al, 2018). Multilocus linkage disequilibrium (nonrandom distribution of genetic alleles) among LB strains was first noted at three genetic loci (p93, fla, and ospA) based on a number of isolates which are now recognized as distinct LB species (Dykhuizen et al, 1993).…”

Section: Lb Populations Contain Well Defined Genomic Groupsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Second, genomic groups within B. burgdorferi vary in disease propensities. At least 18 B. burgdorferi genomic groups, corresponding to major sequence variations at ospC (allelic types A-O, T, and U) cosegregate with chromosome-based phylogeny in northeast USA populations (Wang et al, 1999c;Barbour and Travinsky, 2010;Di et al, 2018). Initially, four groups (ospC types A, B, I, and K) were found to be strongly associated with disseminated (i.e.…”

Section: Lb Populations Contain Well Defined Genomic Groupsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multipartite Genome of Lyme Disease Borrelia: Structure, Variation and Prophages

Schwartz¹,

Margos²,

Casjens³

et al. 2022

Current Issues in Molecular Biology

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All members of the Borrelia genus that have been examined harbour a linear chromosome that is about 900 kbp in length, as well as a plethora of both linear and circular plasmids in the 5-220 kbp size range. Genome sequences for 27 Lyme disease Borrelia isolates have been determined since the elucidation of the B. burgdorferi B31 genome sequence in 1997. The chromosomes, which carry the vast majority of the housekeeping genes, appear to be very constant in gene content and organization across all Lyme disease Borrelia species. The content of the plasmids, which carry most of the genes that encode the differentially expressed surface proteins that interact with the spirochete's arthropod and vertebrate hosts, is much more variable. Lyme disease Borrelia isolates carry between 7-21 different plasmids, ranging in size from 5-84 kbp. All strains analyzed to date harbor three plasmids, cp26, lp54 and lp17. The plasmids are unusual, as compared to most bacterial plasmids, in that they contain many paralogous sequences, a large number of pseudogenes, and, in some cases, essential genes. In addition, a number of the plasmids have features indicating that they are prophages. Numerous methods have been developed for Lyme disease Borrelia strain typing. These have proven valuable for clinical and epidemiological studies, as well as phylogenomic and population genetic analyses. Increasingly, these approaches have been displaced by whole genome sequencing techniques. Some correlations between genome content and pathogenicity have been deduced, and comparative whole genome analyses promise future progress in this arena. caister.com/cimb 409 Curr. Issues Mol. Biol. Vol. 42 Curr. Issues Mol. Biol. 42: 409-454. caister.com/cimb Multipartite Genome of Borrelia Schwartz et al.

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“…Considerable OspC diversity has been demonstrated among LD spirochete strains isolated from tightly defined geographic regions (Wang et al, 1999;Lin et al, 2002;Alghaferi et al, 2005;Earnhart et al, 2005). Twenty-one OspC types have been demonstrated in a single tick through deep sequencing (Di et al, 2018). B. burgdorferi isolates recovered from naturally infected animals (Seinost et al, 1999b;Oliver Jr et al, 2016; or from the tissues of dogs experimentally infected with field collected ticks (Rhodes et al, 2013) are highly heterogenous with regard to the OspC types represented.…”

Section: Ospc Phylogenymentioning

confidence: 99%

Human and Veterinary Vaccines for Lyme Disease

O’Bier¹,

Hatke²,

Camire³

et al. 2022

Current Issues in Molecular Biology

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Lyme disease (LD) is an emerging zoonotic infection that is increasing in incidence in North America, Europe, and Asia. With the development of safe and efficacious vaccines, LD can potentially be prevented. Vaccination offers a cost-effective and safe approach for decreasing the risk of infection. While LD vaccines have been widely used in veterinary medicine, they are not available as a preventive tool for humans. Central to the d e v e l o p m e n t o f e f f e c t i v e v a c c i n e s i s a n understanding of the enzootic cycle of LD, differential gene expression of Borrelia burgdorferi in response to environmental variables, and the genetic and antigenic diversity of the unique bacteria that cause this debilitating disease. Here we review these areas as they pertain to past and present efforts to develop human, veterinary, and reservoir targeting LD vaccines. In addition, we offer a brief overview of additional preventative measures that should employed in conjunction with vaccination.

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Genotyping and Quantifying Lyme Pathogen Strains by Deep Sequencing of the Outer Surface Protein C (ospC) Locus

Cited by 16 publications

References 60 publications

Competition Between Strains of Borrelia afzelii in Immature Ixodes ricinus Ticks Is Not Affected by Season

Competition Between Strains of Borrelia afzelii in Immature Ixodes ricinus Ticks Is Not Affected by Season

Multipartite Genome of Lyme Disease Borrelia: Structure, Variation and Prophages

Human and Veterinary Vaccines for Lyme Disease

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