Typhoid and paratyphoid fever: a call to action

Gibani, Malick M.; Britto, Carl; Pollard, Andrew J.

doi:10.1097/qco.0000000000000479

Cited by 75 publications

(97 citation statements)

References 70 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…The cluster in the southwestern region and particularly the hotspot of Yunnan potentially suggested that exclusive local features including geology, climate, and economy may contribute to the incidence of both fevers. The highest-incidence cluster in the southwestern part of China could be a result of pathogenic bacteria growing faster under high temperature and subtropical precipitation climate [ 34 ], and suboptimal status of economic development and public health condition likely leading to water pollution and food contamination [ 32 , 35 ]. Further suppression of the incidence of these fevers in China depends on the effective prevention and control actions in such hotspot regions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Time series analysis of cumulative incidences of typhoid and paratyphoid fevers in China using both Grey and SARIMA models

Gao

Wang

2020

PLoS ONE

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Typhoid and paratyphoid fevers are common enteric diseases causing disability and death in China. Incidence data of typhoid and paratyphoid between 2004 and 2016 in China were analyzed descriptively to explore the epidemiological features such as age-specific and geographical distribution. Cumulative incidence of both fevers displayed significant decrease nationally, displaying a drop of 73.9% for typhoid and 86.6% for paratyphoid in 2016 compared to 2004. Cumulative incidence fell in all age subgroups and the 0–4 years-old children were the most susceptible ones in recent years. A cluster of three southwestern provinces (Yunnan, Guizhou, and Guangxi) were the top high-incidence regions. Grey model GM (1,1) and seasonal autoregressive integrated moving average (SARIMA) model were employed to extract the long-term trends of the diseases. Annual cumulative incidence for typhoid and paratyphoid were formulated by GM (1,1) as and respectively. SARIMA (0,1,7) × (1,0,1) 12 was selected among a collection of constructed models for high R 2 and low errors. The predictive models for both fevers forecasted cumulative incidence to continue the slightly downward trend and maintain the cyclical seasonality in near future years. Such data-driven insights are informative and actionable for the prevention and control of typhoid and paratyphoid fevers as serious infectious diseases.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Time series analysis of cumulative incidences of typhoid and paratyphoid fevers in China using both Grey and SARIMA models

Gao

Wang

2020

PLoS ONE

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi is the main causative agent of enteric fever and it is the most important pathogen cause typhoid fever in Iraq and other developing countries Gibani et al, 2018). In this study, a total of 2323 blood samples were collected from people who fulfilled the inclusion criteria.…”

Section: Serologic-proved Typhoid Fever (Slide Agglutination Widal Test)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Present status of Salmonella Typhi in different age groups hospitalized patients in Duhok City, Iraq.

2019

ZJPAS

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Typhoid fever is still recognized as one of the most important global health problem. Salmonella species are the main cause of typhoid fever that causes health threat in developing countries. The purpose of this study was to find out the prevalence and the risk factors of Salmonella Typhi from people presenting with fever to Azadi general hospital, Duhok, Iraq. A total of 2323 patient blood samples (992 males and 1331 females) were collected through the period January 2017 to December 2017. Serologicproved typhoid fever for Salmonella Typhi was diagnosed by Widal test. Out of 2323 blood samples, 824 (35.47%) were diagnosed as serologic-proved typhoid fever. The highest percentage (37.3%) of typhoid fever was recorded at age group 21-30 years and the less prevalence was at age group more than 51 years (29%) (p=0.4036). No significant differences was found in frequency of typhoid fever in males (35.4%) and females (35.5%) (p=0.9387). The incidence of typhoid fever in June (39%) was significantly higher than the incidence rate in other months of the year (p=0.0086). Typhoid fever has a considerable challenge to public health. The age group 21-30 years is the vulnerable group for typhoid fever. The typhoid fever is independent of sex and it is a seasonal disease with the majority of cases occurring is the June. Awareness should be created in young generation related to polluted water and hygienic food to eradicate this particular infection. Hence, health education classes play an important role in to reduce the infection rate.

show abstract

“…Salmonellosis caused by non-typhoidal serovars of Salmonella enterica (NTS) is one of the most common gastrointestinal infections. Typhoidal serovars (TS) can cause enteric fever, which occurs especially in low-and middle-income countries, affecting millions of people every year [1,2]. Enteric fever is characterized by disseminated infection and septicaemia.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simple differentiation of Salmonella Typhi, Paratyphi and Choleraesuis from Salmonella species using the eazyplex TyphiTyper LAMP assay

Rödel

Edel

Ehricht

et al. 2020

Journal of Medical Microbiology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Introduction. Identification of typhoidal Salmonella (TS) serovars and their discrimination from non-typhoidal Salmonella (NTS) is conventionally performed by seroagglutination. This method is labour-intensive, requires technical experience and can be inconclusive in some cases. Molecular assays may be reliable alternative diagnostic tools. Aim. This study was designed to evaluate the eazyplex TyphiTyper based on loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) for fast identification of TS and S. Choleraesuis in culture. Methodology. A total of 121 Salmonella strains and 33 isolates of other Enterobacterales species were tested by the eazyplex TyphiTyper. Simulated and clinical blood cultures (BCs) were used to examine the performance of the assay for diagnosis of systemic infection. Sample preparation took about 5 min and the test running time was 20 min. Amplification was measured by real-time fluorescence detection. Results. All TS and S. Choleraesuis strains were correctly identified. The most common NTS S. Typhimurium (n=34) and S. Enteritidis (n=15) were detected as Salmonella species without any false positive result for TS targets. Cross-reactions of NTS with TS were only rarely observed. Direct testing of positive BCs gave correct results. Sensitivities and specificities of the assay were as follows: 100 and 99.3 % for S. Typhi, 100 and 98.7 % for S. Paratyphi A, 100 and 97.3 % for S. Paratyphi B, 100 and 100 % for S. Paratyphi C, 100 and 100 % for S. Choleraesuis, and 100 and 100 % for Salmonella species, respectively. Conclusion. The eazyplex TyphiTyper is very easy to perform and allows the rapid identification of TS and S. Choleraesuis isolates.

show abstract

Typhoid and paratyphoid fever: a call to action

Cited by 75 publications

References 70 publications

Time series analysis of cumulative incidences of typhoid and paratyphoid fevers in China using both Grey and SARIMA models

Time series analysis of cumulative incidences of typhoid and paratyphoid fevers in China using both Grey and SARIMA models

Present status of Salmonella Typhi in different age groups hospitalized patients in Duhok City, Iraq.

Simple differentiation of Salmonella Typhi, Paratyphi and Choleraesuis from Salmonella species using the eazyplex TyphiTyper LAMP assay

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About