Food for Mood: Relevance of Nutritional Omega-3 Fatty Acids for Depression and Anxiety

Larrieu, Thomas; Layé, Sophie

doi:10.3389/fphys.2018.01047

Cited by 108 publications

(61 citation statements)

References 233 publications

(318 reference statements)

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“…Long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids such as omega-3 (ω-3) have been widely investigated for their ability to alter behavior and the immune system [146]. ω-3 fatty acids can reduce microglial activation and the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines [146][147][148][149][150]. In addition to their effects on the immune system, supplementation of ω-3 fatty acids in adulthood can reduce anxiety-like and depression-like behaviors following adolescent LPS injections [151].…”

Section: Early Preventative Interventionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microglial Function in the Effects of Early-Life Stress on Brain and Behavioral Development

Catale

Gironda

Iacono

et al. 2020

JCM

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The putative effects of early-life stress (ELS) on later behavior and neurobiology have been widely investigated. Recently, microglia have been implicated in mediating some of the effects of ELS on behavior. In this review, findings from preclinical and clinical literature with a specific focus on microglial alterations induced by the exposure to ELS (i.e., exposure to behavioral stressors or environmental agents and infection) are summarized. These studies were utilized to interpret changes in developmental trajectories based on the time at which the stress occurred, as well as the paradigm used. ELS and microglial alterations were found to be associated with a wide array of deficits including cognitive performance, memory, reward processing, and processing of social stimuli. Four general conclusions emerged: (1) ELS interferes with microglial developmental programs, including their proliferation and death and their phagocytic activity; (2) this can affect neuronal and non-neuronal developmental processes, which are dynamic during development and for which microglial activity is instrumental; (3) the effects are extremely dependent on the time point at which the investigation is carried out; and (4) both pre- and postnatal ELS can prime microglial reactivity, indicating a long-lasting alteration, which has been implicated in behavioral abnormalities later in life.

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Section: Early Preventative Interventionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microglial Function in the Effects of Early-Life Stress on Brain and Behavioral Development

Catale

Gironda

Iacono

et al. 2020

JCM

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“…ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), the pleiotropic bioactive nutrient, contains anti-inflammatory and antidepressive activities [9]. Our previous researches demonstrated that PUFA can mitigate LPS-induced behavioral changes and restore overactivated neuroimmune function [10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antidepressant activity of ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in ovariectomized rats: role of neuroinflammation and microglial polarization

Song

Zhang

et al. 2020

Lipids Health Dis

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Background: Menopause predisposes individuals to affective disorders, such as depression, which is tightly related to neuroinflammation. While the neuroinflammatory condition has been demonstrated in ovariectomized (OVX) rodents, there is limited evidence concerning microglial polarization, a key process in brain immune activation, in menopause-related brain. Methods: Therefore, the present study aims to evaluate the polarized microglia in long-term OVX rats and we further explored whether supplementation of ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), the pleiotropic bioactive nutrient, is effective in the neurobehavioral changes caused by OVX. Results: Our data showed that OVX-induced anxiety and depression-like behaviors in rats, accompanied with increased neural apoptosis and microglial activation in the hippocampus. Additionally, OVX enhanced proinflammatory cytokines expression and suppressed the expression of anti-inflammatory cytokine, IL-10. Correspondingly, OVX reinforced NFκB signaling and shifted the microglia from immunoregulatory M2 phenotype to proinflammatory M1 phenotype. Meanwhile, daily supplementation with PUFA suppressed microglial M1 polarization and potentiated M2 polarization in OVX rats. In parallel, PUFA also exerted antidepressant and neuroprotective activities, accompanied with neuroimmune-modulating actions. Conclusion: Collectively, the present study firstly demonstrated the disturbed microglial polarization in the OVX brain and provide novel evidence showing the association between the antidepressant actions of PUFA and the restraint neuroinflammatory progression.

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“…Fatty acids are thought to be involved in the psychopathology of MDD in various ways: via dysregulation of biological stress systems (6,7), including the immune-inflammatory system (8) and the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis (6,9); and via cell membrane fluidity, functioning of membrane-bound receptors (10), oxidative stress (7,10,11), and mood related neurotransmitter metabolism (12). Of note, n-3 and n-6 PUFAs often exert opposite effects; for example, n-3 PUFAs are generally considered anti-inflammatory, while n-6 PUFAs have pro-inflammatory effects.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fatty acids and recurrence of major depressive disorder: combined analysis of two Dutch clinical cohorts

Thesing

Lok

Milaneschi

et al. 2019

Acta Psychiatr Scand

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Fatty acids and recurrence of major depressive disorder: combined analysis of two Dutch clinical cohorts Thesing CS, Lok A, Milaneschi Y, Assies J, Bockting CLH, Figueroa CA, Giltay EJ, Penninx BWJH, Ruh e HG, Schene AH, Bot M, Mocking RJT. Fatty acids and recurrence of major depressive disorder: combined analysis of two Dutch clinical cohorts.Objective: Omega-3 (n-3) and omega-6 (n-6) polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) alterations in patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) have been shown to persist after remission. Whether these alterations are risk factors for MDD recurrence remains unknown. Here, we examined whether fatty acids predict time until MDD recurrence in remitted MDD patients. Methods: Data were used from remitted MDD patients of the Netherlands Study of Depression and Anxiety (n = 356) and the Depression Evaluation Longitudinal Therapy Assessment studies (n = 118). Associations of FAs with time until MDD recurrence up to 8-year follow-up were analyzed using Cox regression analyses. Studyspecific estimates were pooled using mega-and meta-analysis techniques. Results: 27.5% (NESDA) and 56.8% (DELTA) participants had an MDD recurrence. Pooled results showed that no FA was significantly associated with time until MDD recurrence (n-3 PUFAs: hazard ratio (HR) = 1.17, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.98-1.41, P = 0.082; n-6 PUFAs: HR = 1.08, 95% CI = 0.84-1.38, P = 0.55). Conclusion: In remitted MDD patients, circulating PUFAs were not associated with prospective risk of MDD recurrence. Consequently, circulating PUFAs are unlikely to reflect a vulnerability marker for recurrence, so correcting n-3 PUFA 'deficits' through supplementation does not seem a promising option to prevent MDD recurrence.This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.• Although PUFA alterations in depressed patients have been shown to persist after remission, these were not associated with prospective risk of MDD recurrence.• As circulating PUFAs are unlikely to reflect a vulnerability marker for disease recurrence, correcting n-3 PUFA 'deficits' through supplementation does not seem a promising option to prevent MDD recurrence.• Higher EPA and, although not statistically significant, other PUFAs were associated with a higher risk of recurrence, suggesting that alterations during remission may alternatively reflect an adaptive process. Limitations• Although MDD recurrence was assessed repeatedly during follow-up, recurrences were assessed retrospectively, and may therefore be influenced by memory bias.• Fatty acids in NESDA and DELTA were measured using two different assays in the two different study samples; however, by running meta-analyses with random effects, we acknowledged clustering of measures within cohorts.• EPA levels were missing in the NESDA study, and data on use of n-3 PUFA supplements were missing in the first DELTA cohort study. Fatty acids and depression rec...

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Food for Mood: Relevance of Nutritional Omega-3 Fatty Acids for Depression and Anxiety

Cited by 108 publications

References 233 publications

Microglial Function in the Effects of Early-Life Stress on Brain and Behavioral Development

Microglial Function in the Effects of Early-Life Stress on Brain and Behavioral Development

Antidepressant activity of ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in ovariectomized rats: role of neuroinflammation and microglial polarization

Fatty acids and recurrence of major depressive disorder: combined analysis of two Dutch clinical cohorts

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