Abstract:A cellulase hyperproducing mutant strain, JNDY-13, was obtained using the ARTP mutation system and with Trichoderma reesei RUT-C30 as the parent strain. Whole-genome sequencing of JNDY-13 confirmed that 105 of the 653 SNPs were point mutations, 336 mutations were deletions and 165 were insertions. Moreover, 99 mutations were insertions and duplications. Among all the mutations, the one that occurred in the galactokinase gene might be related to the production of cellulases in T. reesei JNDY-13. Moreover, the u… Show more
“…Phenolics are known to be the major deactivators of cellulolytic enzymes [34][35][36][37][38]. In this study, tannic acid strongly deactivated all the cellulases tested [39,40]. BEDS effectively removed the phenolics generated during the pre-treatment of lignocellulosic biomass, thereby enhancing the sugar yield.…”
Section: Saccharification Of Detoxified Rice Strawmentioning
The use of lignocellulosic biomass such as rice straw can help subsidize the cost of producing value-added chemicals. However, inhibitory compounds, such as phenolics, produced during the pre-treatment of biomass, hamper the saccharification process. Laccase and electrochemical stimuli are both well known to reduce phenolic compounds. Therefore, in this study, we implemented a bioelectrochemical detoxification system (BEDS), a consolidated electrochemical and enzymatic process involving laccase, to enhance the detoxification of phenolics, and thus achieve a higher saccharification efficiency. Saccharification of pretreated rice straw using BEDS at 1.5 V showed 90% phenolic reduction (Ph r ), thereby resulting in a maximum saccharification yield of 85%. In addition, the specific power consumption when using BEDS (2.2 W/Kg Ph r ) was noted to be 24% lower than by the electrochemical process alone (2.89 W/kg Ph r ). To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to implement BEDS for reduction of phenolic compounds in pretreated biomass.
“…Phenolics are known to be the major deactivators of cellulolytic enzymes [34][35][36][37][38]. In this study, tannic acid strongly deactivated all the cellulases tested [39,40]. BEDS effectively removed the phenolics generated during the pre-treatment of lignocellulosic biomass, thereby enhancing the sugar yield.…”
Section: Saccharification Of Detoxified Rice Strawmentioning
The use of lignocellulosic biomass such as rice straw can help subsidize the cost of producing value-added chemicals. However, inhibitory compounds, such as phenolics, produced during the pre-treatment of biomass, hamper the saccharification process. Laccase and electrochemical stimuli are both well known to reduce phenolic compounds. Therefore, in this study, we implemented a bioelectrochemical detoxification system (BEDS), a consolidated electrochemical and enzymatic process involving laccase, to enhance the detoxification of phenolics, and thus achieve a higher saccharification efficiency. Saccharification of pretreated rice straw using BEDS at 1.5 V showed 90% phenolic reduction (Ph r ), thereby resulting in a maximum saccharification yield of 85%. In addition, the specific power consumption when using BEDS (2.2 W/Kg Ph r ) was noted to be 24% lower than by the electrochemical process alone (2.89 W/kg Ph r ). To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to implement BEDS for reduction of phenolic compounds in pretreated biomass.
“…In conclusions, most approaches to selecting starter candidates screen large libraries of bacteria [14][15][16][17][18]. However, the current study aimed to select suitable bacteria based on comparative genomic analysis.…”
Section: Free Amino Acid Production By Three L Lactis Strainsmentioning
Comparative genomic analysis was performed on eight species of lactic acid bacteria (LAB)-Lactococcus (L.) lactis, Lactobacillus (Lb.) plantarum, Lb. casei, Lb. brevis, Leuconostoc (Leu.) mesenteroides, Lb. fermentum, Lb. buchneri, and Lb. curvatus-to assess their glutamic acid production pathways. Glutamic acid is important for umami taste in foods. The only genes for glutamic acid production identified in the eight LAB were for conversion from glutamine in L. lactis and Leu. mesenteroides, and from glucose via citrate in L. lactis. Thus, L. lactis was considered to be potentially the best of the species for glutamic acid production. By biochemical analyses, L. lactis HY7803 was selected for glutamic acid production from among 17 L. lactis strains. Strain HY7803 produced 83.16 pmol/μl glutamic acid from glucose, and exogenous supplementation of citrate increased this to 108.42 pmol/μl. Including glutamic acid, strain HY7803 produced more of 10 free amino acids than L. lactis reference strains IL1403 and ATCC 7962 in the presence of exogenous citrate. The differences in the amino acid profiles of the strains were illuminated by principal component analysis. Our results indicate that L. lactis HY7803 may be a good starter strain for glutamic acid production.
“…Combined treatment with ARTP mutation system and ethylmethanesulfonate Mutant: 61.1% increase in production of raw starch-degrading enzymes [187] Pichia anomala ARTP mutation system Mutant: 32.3% increase in sugar alcohol production [188] Rhodosporidium toruloides ARTP mutation system Mutants: improvement in tolerance to the inhibitory compounds in lignocellulosic hydrolysate and producing lipids with sugarcane bagasse hydrolysate as carbon source, improvement in production of lipids and carotenoids Enhanced expression of four genes is related to the tolerance to lignocellulosic hydrolyzate [189][190][191][192] Rhodotorula mucilaginosa ARTP mutation system Mutant: 67% increase in carotenoids production [193] Saccharomyces cerevisiae ARTP mutation system Mutant: 72.54% decrease in production of methanol, which is a toxic by-product of brewing wine Mutant: 56.76% increase in glutathione production, improvement of the activity of glutathione synthetases [194,195] Sanghuangporous sanghuang ARTP mutation system Mutant: 1.2-1.5 fold increase in polysaccharides production [196] Starmerella bombicola ARTP mutation system Mutants: over 30% increase in lactonic, acidic, or total sophorolipid production [197] Trichoderma reesei ARTP mutation system Mutant: increase in cellulase production Mutation in galactokinase gene may be related to improvement of cellulase production Up-regulation of cellulase and hemicellulose genes [198] Trichoderma viride ARTP mutation system Mutant: 2.18-2.61 fold increase in activities of cellulases Mutant: 1.97 fold increase in total cellulase activity [199,200] Yarrowia lipolytica…”
In addition to being key pathogens in plants, animals, and humans, fungi are also valuable resources in agriculture, food, medicine, industry, and the environment. The elimination of pathogenic fungi and the functional enhancement of beneficial fungi have been the major topics investigated by researchers. Non-thermal plasma (NTP) is a potential tool to inactivate pathogenic and food-spoiling fungi and functionally enhance beneficial fungi. In this review, we summarize and discuss research performed over the last decade on the use of NTP to treat both harmful and beneficial yeast- and filamentous-type fungi. NTP can efficiently inactivate fungal spores and eliminate fungal contaminants from seeds, fresh agricultural produce, food, and human skin. Studies have also demonstrated that NTP can improve the production of valuable enzymes and metabolites in fungi. Further studies are still needed to establish NTP as a method that can be used as an alternative to the conventional methods of fungal inactivation and activation.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.