Distinguishing Respiratory Features of Category A/B Potential Bioterrorism Agents from Community-Acquired Pneumonia

Kwon, Elena H.; Reisler, Ronald B.; Cardile, Anthony P.; Cieslak, Theodore J.; D’Onofrio, M.; Hewlett, Angela; Martins, Karen; Ritchie, Chi; Kortepeter, Mark G.

doi:10.1089/hs.2018.0017

Cited by 10 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…Aerosolized doses of <10 CFU per animal B. pseudomallei NCTC 13392 caused a lethal infection by day 3–4 in marmosets, indicating these animals are highly susceptible to this strain (Nelson et al ; Erratum, ). Overall there is a need to focus on defining acute disease and developing MCMs because of the potential for B. pseudomallei to be used as a biological weapon (Kwon et al ). Studies on aerosol delivery are particularly important to help characterize the natural history of inhalational exposure to B. pseudomallei in a deliberate‐release scenario, where the inoculum is likely to be much higher than exposure from an environmental source (Gilad et al ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dose‐dependant acute or subacute disease caused byBurkholderia pseudomalleistrain NCTC 13392 in a BALB/c aerosol model of infection

et al. 2019

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Aims The goal of this study was to examine, for the first time, the virulence and pathogenicity of aerosolized Burkholderia pseudomallei, strain NCTC 13392, in BALB/c mice in order to develop an animal model for testing novel medical countermeasures (MCMs) for the treatment of human acute and subacute (a disease state between acute and chronic) melioidosis. Methods and Results BALB/c mice were exposed to varying doses of aerosolized bacteria. Acute disease was seen in animals exposed to a very‐high dose (≥103 CFU per animal) and death occurred 3–4 days postchallenge (pc). Bacteria were detected in the lungs, liver, kidney and spleen. In contrast, animals exposed to a low dose (<10 CFU per animal) survived to the end of the study (day 30 pc) but developed weight loss, a bacterial tissue burden and increasing clinical signs of infection from day 20 pc onwards, mimicking a subacute form of the disease. Pathological changes in the tissues mirrored these findings. Conclusions This proof of concept study has shown that B. pseudomallei strain NCTC 13392 is virulent and pathogenic in BALB/c mice, when delivered by aerosol. By varying the doses of aerosolized bacteria it was possible to mimic characteristics of both human acute and subacute melioidosis, at the same time, within the same study. Significance and Impact of the Study Burkholderia pseudomallei, the aetiological agent of melioidosis, causes a serious and often fatal disease in humans and animals. Novel MCMs are urgently needed for both public health and biodefense purposes. The present model provides a useful tool for the assessment and evaluation of new MCMs (e.g. therapeutics and vaccines) and offers the potential for testing new treatments for both subacute to chronic and acute melioidosis prior to human clinical trials.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dose‐dependant acute or subacute disease caused byBurkholderia pseudomalleistrain NCTC 13392 in a BALB/c aerosol model of infection

et al. 2019

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“…Heat and alcohol shock can be used to separate B. anthracis from ambient materials before spreading on culture medium. Merely the spore-forming bacilli will endure the shock, assisting as an augmentation strategy (Kwon et al 2018).…”

Section: Laboratory Diagnosis Of Anthraxmentioning

confidence: 99%

Handling of Outbreaks of Anthrax: Future Perspectives and Challenges

2022

Int J Vet Sci

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“…The agents in Category C are listed as agents that can be used in biological attacks in the future when evaluated according to their easy availability, easy production, spreading, and their potential to cause a high rate of disease and death and have a great impact on health. Health systems need diagnostic methods and monitoring systems for diseases caused by this category of agents (Workgroup, 2000) (Kwon et al, 2018). In Table1, high-priority biological agents and toxins are summarized based on CDC data.…”

Section: Bioterrorismmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biological Disasters: An Overview of the Covid-19 Pandemic in the First Quarter of 2021

Artik¹,

Cesur²,

Kenar³

et al. 2021

Afet Ve Risk Dergisi

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Disaster is defined as the holistic state of natural or human-induced events that develop suddenly, whose controllability requires a systematic approach, which interrupts or stops social life and causes loss of life, property and often cannot be overcome with local capacity. Biological disasters can be human-induced as well as naturally infectious diseases and epidemiological emergencies. Considering the potential of the 21st century, biological disasters have played a role in influenza infections such as Swine Flu (H1N1), Bird Influenza (H5N1), and the Coronavirus family. Considering the disasters in which medical CBRN agents are effective, we evaluated the data in this study to determine the risk management of biological disasters. Since the World Health Organization (WHO) declared a pandemic on March 11, 2020, the first 15 countries are included in the list based on the total cumulative order of the cases and the 12-week case of SARS-CoV-2 in the first quarter of 2021. We tried to evaluate the analysis of data, mortality rates, and the point reached in vaccination within this timeline to provide an overview of 2021 in this research study.

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Distinguishing Respiratory Features of Category A/B Potential Bioterrorism Agents from Community-Acquired Pneumonia

Cited by 10 publications

References 46 publications

Dose‐dependant acute or subacute disease caused byBurkholderia pseudomalleistrain NCTC 13392 in a BALB/c aerosol model of infection

Dose‐dependant acute or subacute disease caused byBurkholderia pseudomalleistrain NCTC 13392 in a BALB/c aerosol model of infection

Handling of Outbreaks of Anthrax: Future Perspectives and Challenges

Biological Disasters: An Overview of the Covid-19 Pandemic in the First Quarter of 2021

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