The comparison of the 1972 Hodkinson’s Abbreviated Mental Test Score (AMTS) and its variants in screening for cognitive impairment

Piotrowicz, Karolina; Romanik, Wojciech; Skalska, Anna; Gryglewska, Barbara; Szczerbińska, Katarzyna; Derejczyk, Jarosław; Krzyżewski, Roger M.; Grodzicki, Tomasz; Gąsowski, Jerzy

doi:10.1007/s40520-018-1009-7

Cited by 26 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…To assess the participants’ cognitive states, an abbreviated version of the AMTS questionnaire [19] was used. Since the interview was conducted directly with older persons, this questionnaire served as a screening criterion (AMTS > 6 points) to ensure the collection of reliable answers.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determinants of ADL and IADL disability in older adults in southeastern Poland

Ćwirlej-Sozańska

Wiśniowska-Szurlej

Wilmowska-Pietruszyńska

et al. 2019

BMC Geriatr

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BackgroundThe extension of the life span has led to an increase in the number of older people and an increase in the prevalence of disability in people over 60 years of age. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of ADL and IADL disability and to analyze its determinants among people aged 60 and older living in southeastern Poland.MethodsThis cross-sectional study was carried out among a randomly selected, representative population of people aged 60 and older living in southeastern Poland. Disability was assessed using the Katz Index of Independence in Basic Activities of Daily Living and Instrumental Activities of Daily Living. Logistic regression models were used to identify the factors related to ADLs and IADLs. For the variables that were included in the above models, their clustered influence on the increase in the odds ratio for the occurrence of an ADL or IADL limitation was also examined.ResultsThe research results show that 35.75% of the participants reported at least one problem with IADLs. At least one problem with ADLs was reported by 17.13% of the participants. The most significant modifiable factors influencing the occurrence of disability were the presence of barriers in the participant’s environment, poor relations with relatives, a lack of social contacts, multimorbidity and pain. A multiple increase in the odds ratio of disability was found with the presence of pairs of analyzed factors. The highest odds ratio of at least one ADL limitation was observed for the combination of barriers in the participant’s environment with multimorbidity (OR 74.07). With regard to IADL disability, the highest odds ratio was observed for the combination of pain on the VAS scale ≥3 points with older age (OR 19.47).ConclusionsThe study showed a high prevalence of ADL and IADL disability in older people living in southeastern Poland. It also indicated the extent to which modifiable factors influenced the occurrence of disability and the extent to which the risk of disability increased with the presence of pairs of factors, especially those that included environmental barriers in the participant’s environment.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determinants of ADL and IADL disability in older adults in southeastern Poland

Ćwirlej-Sozańska

Wiśniowska-Szurlej

Wilmowska-Pietruszyńska

et al. 2019

BMC Geriatr

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“…The limitations of the AMTS regarding language and culture has been widely acknowledged and several validated variants have been published in the literature. 3 , 7 - 10 In place of the British Monarch, the Polish variant uses the identification Lech Wałęsa the first democratically elected president following the fall of the Eastern Bloc. 7 A comparable change is made in an Italian study for the Italian President.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Abbreviated Mental Test Score; Is There a Need for a Contemporaneous Update?

Peters

Howe

Rossiter

et al. 2021

Geriatr Orthop Surg Rehabil

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Introduction: Designed in 1972 the Abbreviated Mental Test Score (AMTS) is widely used to assess a cognition on hospital admission. The Nottingham Hip Fracture Score uses this in predicting morbidity/mortality in neck of femur fracture. The consequences of misappropriating cognitive impairment could have lasting implications. Questions about the monarchy or World War One and Two may be inappropriate for today’s diverse society. Materials and Methods: 100 patients were questioned during routine fracture clinic appointments. Patients were asked: In what year did WWII start? Who is the current monarch? Please state a memorable event in your lifetime that you would not expect another person of the same age to forget. Two-tailed Z-tests were performed between the observed proportions and those from the original AMTS validation study. Results: Only 47% (n = 47) were able to correctly answer the year in which WW2 started. A statistically significant difference when compared to the upper and lower limits from the original study (z = -4.191, p < .001.). Significance was not seen in the second question, with 97% (n-97) identifying the monarch correctly. 51% (n = 51) of participants suggested the terrorist attack on the World Trade Centre in New York as an alternative memorable event. Discussion: Some hospitals now use the 4 “A”s Test (4-AT) as a screening tool for delirium. Without amendments to the Nottingham Hip Fracture Score, AMTS use is likely to continue in orthogeriatric patients. Over time there will be a need for the AMTS to be reviewed so that it remains a true assessment of cognition. Its limitations regarding language and culture is widely acknowledged and several validated variants have been published in the literaure. Conclusions: We highlight a potential future issue with the AMTS and raise considerations for the development of an alternative question to better meet the needs of the orthogeriatric population.

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“…Patients with better prognosis as to the length of the survival time and who were not terminal stage participated in the program. The inclusion criteria of the project were: age ≥ 55, normal cognitive state (Abbreviated Mental Test Score; AMTS > 6 points) [ 18 ], and a patient’s informed consent to participate in the study. The exclusion criteria were: age < 55, cognitive state ≤6 points on the AMTS scale or unconsciousness, terminal stage (close to death), and lack of informed consent of the subjects to participate in the program.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Participantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of the effects of a multi-component, individualized physiotherapy program in patients receiving hospice services in the home

et al. 2020

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Background: The interest in physiotherapy programs for individuals in hospice is increasing. The aim of our study was to assess the impact of a multi-component, individualized physiotherapy program on the functional and emotional conditions and quality of life of patients receiving hospice services in the home. Methods: The study included 60 patients (mean 66.3 years) receiving hospice services in the home. A model of a physiotherapy program was designed, including breathing, strengthening, transfer, gait, balance, functional, and ergonomic exercises, as well as an adaptation of the patient's living environment to functional needs. The tests were performed before and after the intervention. The study used the Activities of Daily Living (ADL) and Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (IADL) scales, the World Health Organization Quality of Life-Bref (WHOQOL-BREF), the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) pain scale, the Tinetti POMA Scale, and the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS). To enable comparison of our results worldwide, a set of International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) categories was used. Results: The average functional level of the ADL (mean 2.9) and the IADL (mean 11.9), as well as the WHOQOL-BREF (mean 46.4) of the patients before the intervention were low, whereas the intensity of pain (VAS mean 5.8), the risk of falling (Tinetti mean 8.2), and depression (GDS mean 16.7) were recorded as high. After the completion of the intervention program, a significant improvement was found in the ADL (mean 4.0), IADL (mean 13.9), WHOQOL-BREF (mean 52.6), VAS (mean 5.1), risk of falling (Tinetti mean 12.3), and GDS (mean 15.7) scores. Conclusions: The physiotherapeutic intervention had a significant impact on improving the performance of ADL, as well as the emotional state and quality of life of patients receiving hospice services in the home. The results of our research provide evidence of the growing need for physiotherapy in individuals in hospice and for comprehensive assessment by means of ICF.

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The comparison of the 1972 Hodkinson’s Abbreviated Mental Test Score (AMTS) and its variants in screening for cognitive impairment

Abstract: We found AMTS to be a reliable and useful tool in the screening for possible cognitive impairment. This seems to be true irrespective of whether we use the original test or any of its studied modifications.

Cited by 26 publications

References 28 publications

Determinants of ADL and IADL disability in older adults in southeastern Poland

Determinants of ADL and IADL disability in older adults in southeastern Poland

The Abbreviated Mental Test Score; Is There a Need for a Contemporaneous Update?

Assessment of the effects of a multi-component, individualized physiotherapy program in patients receiving hospice services in the home

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