Women in Emergency Medicine Residency Programs: An Analysis of Data From Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education–approved Residency Programs

Defazio, Christian; Cloud, Samuel D.; Verni, Christine M.; Strauss, J; Yun, Karen; May, Paul; Lindstrom, Heather A.

doi:10.1002/aet2.10030

Cited by 14 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…This may be because of the fast-paced and intense nature of EM (Choo 2017); however, EM’s emergence out of military field medicine (Goniewicz 2013), with its highly masculinized culture (Braswell and Kushner 2012), likely also contributes. As might be expected based on these traits, EM has lower levels of gender parity compared with most other medical specialties (Lautenberger et al 2014): women comprise 48 percent of residents and 38 percent of medical faculty (attendings in academic or university-affiliated hospitals, rather than “community” hospitals) in medicine as a whole, but they represent only 38 percent of all EM residents (DeFazio et al 2017) and 28 percent of EM faculty (Bennett et al 2019). 2…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 93%

Who Gets the Benefit of the Doubt? Performance Evaluations, Medical Errors, and the Production of Gender Inequality in Emergency Medical Education

et al. 2020

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Why do women continue to face barriers to success in professions, especially male-dominated ones, despite often outperforming men in similar subjects during schooling? With this study, we draw on role expectations theory to understand how inequality in assessment emerges as individuals transition from student to professional roles. To do this, we leverage the case of medical residency so that we can examine how changes in role expectations shape assessment while holding occupation and organization constant. By analyzing a dataset of 2,765 performance evaluations from a three-year emergency medicine training program, we empirically demonstrate that women and men are reviewed as equally capable at the beginning of residency, when the student role dominates; however, in year three, when the colleague role dominates, men are perceived as outperforming women. Furthermore, when we hold resident performance somewhat constant by comparing feedback to medical errors of similar severity, we find that in the third year of residency, but not the first, women receive more harsh criticism and less supportive feedback than men. Ultimately, this study suggests that role expectations, and the implicit biases they can trigger, matter significantly to the production of gender inequality, even when holding organization, occupation, and resident performance constant.

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Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 93%

Who Gets the Benefit of the Doubt? Performance Evaluations, Medical Errors, and the Production of Gender Inequality in Emergency Medical Education

et al. 2020

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“…Currently, 38% of emergency medicine (EM) residents and 35% of academic EM physicians are female . There are no studies evaluating the extent to which gender influences how EM residents perceive the experience of acquiring the skills required to lead resuscitations in the emergency department (ED).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Intersection of Gender and Resuscitation Leadership Experience in Emergency Medicine Residents: A Qualitative Study

Linden

Breaud

Mathews

et al. 2018

AEM Education and Training

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Residents acknowledged that additional challenges exist for female residents in becoming resuscitation team leaders. Increasing awareness in residency program leadership is key to affecting change to ensure all residents are trained in a similar manner, while also addressing gender-specific needs of residents where appropriate. We present suggestions for addressing these barriers and incorporating discussion of leadership styles into residency training.

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“…Although females now make up more than half of medical school graduates, they compose only approximately one-third of emergency medicine (EM) residents [ 1 , 2 ]. It is unclear why fewer females choose to pursue EM than males.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although one could assume that female students may be more likely to attend an EM program with a higher proportion of female faculty, a study found that there was no correlation between the presence of women in leadership roles and the percentage of female residents in a program [ 1 ]. Still, women are the minority in academic medicine, with only 9.3% of the chair and 25.9% of the program director (PD) positions being held by women [ 1 ]. The presence of other female core faculty may have more influence on an applicant’s decision to choose a program.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Factors Relating to Sex and Gender on Rank List Decisions and Perceptions of Residency Training: Survey Study

Gibney¹,

Cantwell²,

Wray³

et al. 2022

JMIR Med Educ

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Background Females make up more than half of medical school matriculants but only one-third of emergency medicine (EM) residents. Various factors may contribute to why fewer females choose the field of EM, such as the existing presence of females in the specialty. Objective This study is a follow-up to previous work, and a survey is used to assess current residents’ attitudes and perceptions on various factors, including those relating to sex and gender on creating rank lists as medical students and in perceived effects on residency education. Methods A web-based survey consisting of Likert scale questions regarding a variety of factors influencing a student’s decision to create a rank list and in perceived effects on residency education was sent to current EM residents in 2020. Results Residents from 17 programs participated in the survey with an 18.2% (138/758) response rate. The most important factors in creating a rank list were the personality of residents in the program, location, and facility type. For factors specifically related to gender, respondents who answered affirmatively to whether the gender composition of residents affected the selection of a program in making a rank list were more likely to also answer affirmatively to subsequent questions related to the gender of program leadership (P<.001) and gender composition of attending physicians (P<.001). The personality of residents was also the most important factor perceived to affect residency education. For factors influencing rank list and residency education, female respondents placed higher importance on subcategories related to gender (ie, gender composition of the residents, of the program leadership, and of the attending physicians) to a significant degree compared with their male counterparts. Conclusions Although factors such as location and resident personality show the most importance in influencing residency selection, when stratifying based on respondent sex, females tend to indicate that factors relating to gender have more influence on rank list and residency education compared with males.

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Women in Emergency Medicine Residency Programs: An Analysis of Data From Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education–approved Residency Programs

Cited by 14 publications

References 7 publications

Who Gets the Benefit of the Doubt? Performance Evaluations, Medical Errors, and the Production of Gender Inequality in Emergency Medical Education

Who Gets the Benefit of the Doubt? Performance Evaluations, Medical Errors, and the Production of Gender Inequality in Emergency Medical Education

The Intersection of Gender and Resuscitation Leadership Experience in Emergency Medicine Residents: A Qualitative Study

Influence of Factors Relating to Sex and Gender on Rank List Decisions and Perceptions of Residency Training: Survey Study

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