Ectomycorrhizal fungal species differentially affect the induced defensive chemistry of lodgepole pine

Kanekar, Sanat S.; Cale, Jonathan A.; Erbilgin, Nadir

doi:10.1007/s00442-018-4231-2

Cited by 11 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…; Appendix S1: Figs. S2, S5, S6; Pineda et al 2010, Raffa 2014, Kanekar et al 2018. Benefits of aboveground woody plant diversity (Kareiva 1983, Huber and Borden 2001, Yamamura 2002, Jactel and Brockerhoff 2007, Mayfield and Brownie 2013 likely synergize with benefits of belowground mycorrhizal diversity (Baxter and Dighton 2001, Wehner et al 2010, K öhler et al 2018 to vastly increase pest resistance of large trees growing in species-rich, mycorrhizaeconnected communities (Fig.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…2010, Raffa 2014, Kanekar et al. 2018). Benefits of aboveground woody plant diversity (Kareiva 1983, Huber and Borden 2001, Yamamura 2002, Jactel and Brockerhoff 2007, Mayfield and Brownie 2013) likely synergize with benefits of belowground mycorrhizal diversity (Baxter and Dighton 2001, Wehner et al.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…belowground mycorrhizal networks can also reduce enemy attack rates by suppressing pathogenic soil microbes (Marx 1972, Wehner et al 2010, mycorrhizae are more broadly recognized for reducing enemy success rates Bennett 2009, Pineda et al 2010; but see Roger et al 2013). Access to shared mycorrhizal networks can reduce trees' susceptibility to enemies post-attack, both indirectly by reducing the net effects of competition (Baxter and Dighton 2001, Teste and Simard 2008, Bastolla et al 2009, K öhler et al 2018 and directly by enhancing plant defenses (van der Heijden 2001, Wehner et al 2010, Kanekar et al 2018. The strong mycorrhizal effect shown here indicates that mycorrhizae-mediated defense pathways may be critical for reducing large-diameter tree susceptibility to native enemies in temperate mixed-conifer forests.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Mycorrhizae form the crux of multitrophic interactions in forests by linking aboveground and belowground communities. Mycorrhizae enhance nutrient uptake (Baxter andDighton 2001, K öhler et al 2018); transfer nutrients directly between plants (Francis andRead 1984, Simard et al 1997); regulate genetic expression to systemically bolster constitutive defenses (Liu et al 2007, Kanekar et al 2018; prime defenses to allow more rapid induced-defense responses (Jung et al 2012, Pastor et al 2013; facilitate inter-plant communication to quickly mount defense responses if an enemy is detected in the network (Gorzelak et al 2015); and can directly compete with pathogenic microbes to protect plants from attack (Marx 1972). Importantly, different fungi can confer unique defense capabilities (Wehner et al 2010, Lewandowski et al 2013, Roger et al 2013, meaning plants colonized by a diversity of fungal networks may be better defended against a wider array of enemies (van der Heijden 2001, Wehner et al 2010.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…2007, Kanekar et al. 2018); prime defenses to allow more rapid induced‐defense responses (Jung et al. 2012, Pastor et al.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Shared friends counterbalance shared enemies in old forests

Germain

Lutz

2021

Ecology

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Mycorrhizal mutualisms are nearly ubiquitous across plant communities. Yet, it is still unknown whether facilitation among plants arises primarily from these mycorrhizal networks or from physical and ecological attributes of plants themselves. Here, we tested the relative contributions of mycorrhizae and plants to both positive and negative biotic interactions to determine whether plant-soil feedbacks with mycorrhizae neutralize competition and enemies within multitrophic forest community networks. We used Bayesian hierarchical generalized linear modeling to examine mycorrhizal-guild-specific and mortality-cause-specific woody plant survival compiled from a spatially and temporally explicit data set comprising 101,096 woody plants from three mixed-conifer forests across western North America. We found positive plant-soil feedbacks for large-diameter trees: species-rich woody plant communities indirectly promoted large tree survival when connected via mycorrhizal networks. Shared mycorrhizae primarily counterbalanced apparent competition mediated by tree enemies (e.g., bark beetles, soil pathogens) rather than diffuse competition between plants. We did not find the same survival benefits for small trees or shrubs. Our findings suggest that lower largediameter tree mortality susceptibility in species-rich temperate forests resulted from greater access to shared mycorrhizal networks. The interrelated importance of aboveground and belowground biodiversity to large tree survival may be critical for counteracting increasing pathogen, bark beetle, and density threats.

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