Bones and the sex hormones

Narla, Radhika; Ott, Susan M.

doi:10.1016/j.kint.2018.03.021

Cited by 16 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Here, the hormonal profile and nutritional status seem to play key roles. The importance of sex hormones for bone tissue homeostasis and the consequences of gonad malfunction in menopause or experimental ovariectomy are well described both in humans and animals [22][23][24]. Similar to other researchers, the authors of the current study also noted that ovariectomy influenced bone tissue, deceasing densitometric properties.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

Bone losses in obese, ovariectomized rats appear to be independent from sclerostin-induced inhibition of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway

Radzki¹,

Bieńko²,

Filip³

et al. 2020

Ann Agric Environ Med.

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Introduction. Overweight and obesity, as well as a gonadal function, are pivotal factors influencing bone tissue metabolism. Materials and method. The aim of the study was to determine the effect of dietary induced obesity (DIO) on bone tissue metabolism in sham-operated (SHO) or ovariectomized (OVX) adult female Wistar rats. Additionally, the influence of DIO in SHO or OVX on the concentration of sclerostin in the blood serum was analyzed. After SHO or OVX, the rats were placed in groups (n=8) and either received a standard diet (11.5 MJ/kg) (SHO-CON; OVX-CON) or a high-energy diet (17.6 MJ/kg) (SHO-FAT; OVX-FAT). The experiment lasted for 90 days and allowed for the establishment of osteopenia in OVX females and obesity in the rats that had received the high-energy diet. Results. The results of the study demonstrate that obesity or/and ovariectomy increases the resorption of femora and tibiae, hence decreasing the densitometric and mechanical parameters affecting the bone structure in adult females rats. The strongest osteodegenerative effect was seen in the OVX-FAT females. Interestingly, the degree of bone tissue degradation caused exclusively by ovariectomy was similar to that found in the obese sham-operated rats. Conclusions. Bone losses invoked by DIO seem to be independent from the Wnt/β-catenin pathway inhibition induced by sclerostin. While further study is necessary, the obtained results suggest that the usage of sclerostin anti-body in the treatment of osteoporosis can be ineffective, and in obese patients the undertaking of such therapy should be reassessed.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

Bone losses in obese, ovariectomized rats appear to be independent from sclerostin-induced inhibition of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway

Radzki¹,

Bieńko²,

Filip³

et al. 2020

Ann Agric Environ Med.

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“…These sex-dependent associations can be attributed to the differences in the sex hormone levels in men and women [ 42 ]. Sex hormones play a major role in the growth and maintenance of the skeletal system [ 43 ], and have pronounced effects on adipose tissue [ 44 ]. Although the causal association between VAT and BMD remains unclear, previous studies suggested that adipose tissue could increase bone mass due to physical weight-bearing, while also imposing an adverse effect on BMD through the production of hormones and adipokines by adipocytes [ 45 , 46 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Associations of visceral adipose tissue with bone mineral density and fracture: observational and Mendelian randomization studies

Zhao

Lin

et al. 2022

Nutr Metab (Lond)

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Background The associations between visceral adipose tissue (VAT) and bone mineral density (BMD) or fracture have been controversial and the causality of the associations remains to be assessed. This study aimed to explore the associations of VAT^ (predicted value of VAT mass) with BMD and fracture risk in men and women, and to examine their potential causation by two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses. Methods UK Biobank is a large, population-based prospective cohort study that recruited more than 500,000 participants aged 40–69 in the United Kingdom from 2006 to 2010. In this study, we used a validated and reliable prediction model to estimate the VAT amount of the participants. On this basis, linear and nonlinear multivariable statistical models were used to explore the association of VAT^ with BMD and fracture risk in different groups of sex and BMI. In observational analyses, the multivariable linear regression model and Cox proportional-hazards model were used to assess VAT^ association with BMD and fracture risk, respectively. Inverse variance weighting was used as the main result of MR analysis. Results In 190,836 men, an inverted U-shaped association was observed between VAT^ and heel BMD (P for nonlinearity < 0.001), with a turning point of VAT^ = 1.25 kg. Per kg increase in VAT^ was associated with a 0.13 standard deviation (SD) increase in heel BMD (P = 1.5 × 10−16) among men with lower amounts of VAT^, and associated with a 0.05 SD decrease in heel BMD (P = 1.3 × 10−15) among men with higher amounts of VAT^. In 193,592 women, per kg increase in VAT^ was monotonically associated with a 0.16 SD increase in heel BMD (P = 1.2 × 10−136, P for VAT^-sex interaction = 8.4 × 10−51). During a median follow-up of 8.2 years, VAT^ was associated with lower risks of hip fractures in the overall men and women (P for VAT^-sex interaction = 1.9 × 10−4 for total fractures; 1.5 × 10−4 for other fractures). There were significant interactions of VAT^ and BMI on heel BMD and fracture risks in men only (P for VAT^-BMI interaction = 5.9 × 10−31 for heel BMD; 2.7 × 10−4 for total fractures; 5.7 × 10−3 for hip fractures; 6.8 × 10−3 for other fractures). In two-sample MR analyses, evidence of causality was not observed between VAT^ and DXA-derived BMD or fractures. Conclusions These novel findings demonstrated gender-dependent associations of VAT^ with BMD and fracture risk, with the association in men being modified by adiposity. Evidence of causality was not observed, suggesting that the observational association of VAT^ with BMD and fracture risk could be the result of confounding.

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“…al. revealed that estrogen regulates mainly cortical bone turnover, but testosterone effects on the trabecular bone 11 . However, there is very limited clinical evidence on the interaction effects of abnormal dietary habits and sex hormonal status on bone homeostasis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is well known that sex hormones influence the development of sex-specific traits and they regulate structures and functions of reproductive systems. In addition, accumulating evidence indicates that sex hormones play critical roles in maintaining bone health and that sex hormone insufficiency is strongly associated with the development of osteoporosis and bone fracture 11 . However, there is very limited data on hormonal influence on the association between a low sodium diet and the risk of incipient osteoporosis.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The association between dietary sodium intake and osteoporosis

Hong

Choi

Park

et al. 2022

Sci Rep

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The association of inadequate dietary sodium intake with bone mineral density (BMD) and the risk of osteoporosis is controversial. To find the association between low sodium diet and the risk of incipient osteoporosis, we performed a population-based cross-sectional analysis using Tanaka method for estimation 24-h urinary sodium excretion (e24hUNaETanaka) as a candidate indicator of sodium intake. We identified 3869 participants without osteoporosis and classified them into quartiles according to their value of e24hUNaETanaka. BMD was measured to find participants at risk of osteoporosis. Lower e24hUNaETanaka was related to decreasing BMD of the distal radius. Multiple Cox-proportional hazard models demonstrated that e24hUNaETanaka had an inverse association with the risk of osteoporosis (adjusted HR = 0.859, 95% CI = 0.751–0.982) and survival analysis revealed that the lowest quartile group had poor osteoporosis-free survival (PLog-rank < 0.0001). Furthermore, our restricted cubic spline analysis revealed that the relationship between e24hUNaETanaka and HR of osteoporosis was negative curvilinear in males and postmenopausal females and positive linear in premenopausal females. Our findings suggest that lower sodium intake was a significant predictor of incipient osteoporosis and there was wide variation in this relationship according to sex and female hormone status.

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Bones and the sex hormones

Cited by 16 publications

References 9 publications

Bone losses in obese, ovariectomized rats appear to be independent from sclerostin-induced inhibition of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway

Bone losses in obese, ovariectomized rats appear to be independent from sclerostin-induced inhibition of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway

Associations of visceral adipose tissue with bone mineral density and fracture: observational and Mendelian randomization studies

The association between dietary sodium intake and osteoporosis

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