Use of dietary sodium intervention effect on neurohormonal and fluid overload in heart failure patients: Review of select research based literature

Lee, Yi-Wen; Huang, Lian‐Hua; Ku, Chieh-Hsio

doi:10.1016/j.apnr.2018.04.004

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…This adds credence to pre-existing data demonstrating that low sodium restriction (<3 g/day) is linked with worse CV prognosis compared to moderate (3-5 g/d) sodium consumption [135]. Most evidence converges toward 2.6-3 g/day of dietary sodium as being efficacious for reduced BNP, renin and aldosterone plasma concentrations in patients with HF (neurohormonal homeostasis) [134]. For the general population, a J-shaped relationship between sodium consumption and CV events has been shown, based on trials from >300,000 persons, suggesting that the lowest risk of CV events and mortality is en-countered in populations consuming what is considered an average range of sodium intake (3-5 g/d) [135].…”

Section: Salt Intake and Heart Failure/the Role Of Neurohormonal Acti...supporting

confidence: 54%

“…However, it appears that moderate sodium restriction up to 2.8 g/day is even more useful in HF, versus low sodium restriction of up to 1.8 g/day [133]. Recent reviews indicate that a dietary sodium restriction of 2.6-3 g/day is effective in reducing the deleterious neurohormonal pathogenesis of HF [134]. This adds credence to pre-existing data demonstrating that low sodium restriction (<3 g/day) is linked with worse CV prognosis compared to moderate (3-5 g/d) sodium consumption [135].…”

Section: Salt Intake and Heart Failure/the Role Of Neurohormonal Acti...mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Neurohumoral Activation in Heart Failure

Manolis,

Manolis

2023

IJMS

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In patients with heart failure (HF), the neuroendocrine systems of the sympathetic nervous system (SNS), the renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system (RAAS) and the arginine vasopressin (AVP) system, are activated to various degrees producing often-observed tachycardia and concomitant increased systemic vascular resistance. Furthermore, sustained neurohormonal activation plays a key role in the progression of HF and may be responsible for the pathogenetic mechanisms leading to the perpetuation of the pathophysiology and worsening of the HF signs and symptoms. There are biomarkers of activation of these neurohormonal pathways, such as the natriuretic peptides, catecholamine levels and neprilysin and various newer ones, which may be employed to better understand the mechanisms of HF drugs and also aid in defining the subgroups of patients who might benefit from specific therapies, irrespective of the degree of left ventricular dysfunction. These therapies are directed against these neurohumoral systems (neurohumoral antagonists) and classically comprise beta blockers, angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors/angiotensin receptor blockers and vaptans. Recently, the RAAS blockade has been refined by the introduction of the angiotensin receptor–neprilysin inhibitor (ARNI) sacubitril/valsartan, which combines the RAAS inhibition and neprilysin blocking, enhancing the actions of natriuretic peptides. All these issues relating to the neurohumoral activation in HF are herein reviewed, and the underlying mechanisms are pictorially illustrated.

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Section: Salt Intake and Heart Failure/the Role Of Neurohormonal Acti...supporting

confidence: 54%

Section: Salt Intake and Heart Failure/the Role Of Neurohormonal Acti...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Neurohumoral Activation in Heart Failure

Manolis,

Manolis

2023

IJMS

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“…Moderate sodium restriction (up to 2.8 g/d) was associated with reduced values of neurohormonal (B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP), aldosterone, plasma renin activity) and cytokine levels (TNF-alpha, IL-6) and increased levels of anti-inflammatory cytokine (IL-10) over 12 months of follow up compared to low sodium restriction (up to 1.8 g/d) [28]. A recent review of the effects of low dietary sodium intake in patients with HF revealed that 2.6-3 g/d of dietary sodium restriction is effective for decreased BNP, renin, and aldosterone plasma levels [29]. Similarly, low sodium intake in the DASH diet is associated with low systolic and diastolic blood pressure, arterial stiffness, and markers of oxidative stress including urinary F2-isiprostane levels in HFpEF patients [30].…”

Section: Pathogenic Mechanisms For Beneficial Effect Of Low Sodium Inmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sodium Intake and Heart Failure

Patel

Joseph

2020

IJMS

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Sodium is an essential mineral and nutrient used in dietary practices across the world and is important to maintain proper blood volume and blood pressure. A high sodium diet is associated with increased expression of β—myosin heavy chain, decreased expression of α/β—myosin heavy chain, increased myocyte enhancer factor 2/nuclear factor of activated T cell transcriptional activity, and increased salt-inducible kinase 1 expression, which leads to alteration in myocardial mechanical performance. A high sodium diet is also associated with alterations in various proteins responsible for calcium homeostasis and myocardial contractility. Excessive sodium intake is associated with the development of a variety of comorbidities including hypertension, chronic kidney disease, stroke, and cardiovascular diseases. While the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association/Heart Failure Society of America guidelines recommend limiting sodium intake to both prevent and manage heart failure, the evidence behind such recommendations is unclear. Our review article highlights evidence and underlying mechanisms favoring and contradicting limiting sodium intake in heart failure.

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Dietary Sodium Intake and Health Indicators: A Systematic Review of Published Literature between January 2015 and December 2019

Overwyk

Quader

Maalouf

et al. 2020

Advances in Nutrition

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As the science surrounding population sodium reduction evolves, monitoring and evaluating new studies on intake and health can help increase our understanding of the associated benefits and risks. Here we describe a systematic review of recent studies on sodium intake and health, examine the risk of bias (ROB) of selected studies, and provide direction for future research. Seven online databases were searched monthly from January 2015 to December 2019. We selected human studies that met specified population, intervention, comparison, outcome, time, setting/study design (PICOTS) criteria and abstracted attributes related to the study population, design, intervention, exposure, and outcomes, and evaluated ROB for the subset of studies on sodium intake and cardiovascular disease risks or indicators. Of 41,601 abstracts reviewed, 231 studies were identified that met the PICOTS criteria and ROB was assessed for 54 studies. One hundred and fifty-seven (68%) studies were observational and 161 (70%) focused on the general population. Five types of sodium interventions and a variety of urinary and dietary measurement methods were used to establish and quantify sodium intake. Five observational studies used multiple 24-h urine collections to assess sodium intake. Evidence mainly focused on cardiovascular-related indicators (48%) but encompassed an assortment of outcomes. Studies varied in ROB domains and 87% of studies evaluated were missing information on ≥1 domains. Two or more studies on each of 12 outcomes (e.g., cognition) not previously included in systematic reviews and 9 new studies at low ROB suggest the need for ongoing or updated systematic reviews of evidence on sodium intake and health. Summarizing evidence from assessments on sodium and health outcomes was limited by the various methods used to measure sodium intake and outcomes, as well as lack of details related to study design and conduct. In line with research recommendations identified by the National Academies of Science, future research is needed to identify and standardize methods for measuring sodium intake.

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Use of dietary sodium intervention effect on neurohormonal and fluid overload in heart failure patients: Review of select research based literature

Cited by 4 publications

References 15 publications

Neurohumoral Activation in Heart Failure

Neurohumoral Activation in Heart Failure

Sodium Intake and Heart Failure

Dietary Sodium Intake and Health Indicators: A Systematic Review of Published Literature between January 2015 and December 2019

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