Effect of tetracycline on ammonia and carbon removal by the facultative bacteria in the anaerobic digester of a sewage treatment plant

Effect of sulfonamide class of antibiotics on a bacterial consortium isolated from an anaerobic digester of a sewage treatment plant

“…As reported by Roberts (2005) and Grabert et al. (2018), there are 38 different tetracycline resistance genes exist for the resistance of tetracycline. The sulfonamide class of antibiotics is commonly prescribed for urinary tract infection and also for other bacterial infections.…”

“…The anaerobic digester sludge was mixed thoroughly, and a 5‐mL of the sludge was inoculated into an anaerobic culture bottles containing 100 mL of basic mineral salt (BMS) medium. The composition of BMS was given in our previous published work (Grabert et al., 2018). The one change in the medium was the nitrogen source, ammonium chloride, which was replaced with potassium nitrate.…”

“…Wastewater treatment plants are considered as an ideal habitat for the evolution and spread of antibiotic resistance (Boopathy, 2017; Everage et al., 2014; Naquin et al., 2015). The presence of antibiotics, antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs), and antibiotic‐resistant bacteria (ARB) have been reported in various wastewater treatment plants (Boopathy, 2017; Everage et al., 2014; Garcia et al., 2020; Grabert, Boopathy, Nathaniel, & LaFleur, 2018; Naquin et al., 2015). Currently, there are no regulations or disposable standards for the antibiotics, ARB, and ARGs in the treated wastewater prior to disposal in the receiving bodies of water in the United States and the European Union (Garcia et al., 2020).…”

“…The solids from primary and secondary treatment processes are treated in an anaerobic digester, where the anaerobic bacteria remove the carbon via anaerobic metabolism and nitrogen by the denitrification process. The major end products of this process are nitrogen gas, methane, and CO 2 (Grabert et al., 2018). In previous studies from our lab, we reported the presence of ARGs for tetracycline and sulfonamide in the influent and the treated effluent of the Thibodaux Sewage Treatment Plant (Naquin et al., 2015, 2017).…”

Effect of silver oxide nanoparticles on a bacterial consortium isolated from the sediment of the Gulf of Mexico in removing carbon and nitrogen

“…The new and emerging pollutants include antibiotics, nanoparticles, pharmaceuticals and personal care products, and microplastics. There are many studies reported on the effect of antibiotics and other emerging pollutants (Belding & Boopathy, 2018; Bergeron, Ryan, Homer, Rehage, & Boopathy, 2016; Bird, Boopathy, Nathaniel, & LaFleur, 2019; Garcia et al., 2020; Grabert, Boopathy, Nathaniel, & LaFleur, 2018; Naquin, Shrestha, Sherpa, Nathaniel, & Boopathy, 2015), but there are not many reports available on the effect of nanoparticles on carbon and nitrogen removal in a natural system such as the sediments of Gulf of Mexico. This is the first report on the effect of silver oxide nanoparticle on the microbes that play a key role in carbon and nitrogen cycles in the Gulf of Mexico waters and sediments.…”