The Two-Arm Coordination Test: Maturation of Bimanual Coordination in Typically Developing Children and Deficits in Children with Unilateral Cerebral Palsy

Abstract

TACT is a valid instrument to assess bimanual coordination.

Effects of Acute and Chronic Exercises on Executive Function in Children and Adolescents: A Systemic Review and Meta-Analysis

“…A sedentary lifestyle and physical inactivity (insufficient exercises time) are prevalent among children and adolescents (Sisson et al, 2009;Qi et al, 2019) and are negatively linked with their physical and psycho-cognitive health (Tremblay et al, 2011;Flashner et al, 2019). Specifically, these unhealthy lifestyle behaviors result in obesity (Rey-Lopez, 2008), uncoordinated movements (Ferguson et al, 2014;Flashner et al, 2019;Kong et al, 2019;Riquelme et al, 2019), negative emotions (depression, anxiety, suicide attempts) (Berardelli et al, 2018;Thivel et al, 2018;Padulo et al, 2019) and a severe deficit of cognitive functions (Torrens-Burton et al, 2017;Koolhaas et al, 2019;Loprinzi et al, 2019). Among the components of cognitive functioning, inhibitory control, working memory, and cognitive flexibility play a critical role in the development of school-age children and their educational achievement or academic performance (Best, 2010;Willoughby et al, 2012).…”

A Training Program Using Modified Joystick-Operated Ride-on Toys to Complement Conventional Upper Extremity Rehabilitation in Children with Cerebral Palsy: Results from a Pilot Study

“…A large proportion of activities of daily living related to self-care, work/academics, and leisure (e.g., tying shoelaces, buttoning a shirt, opening a jar, using cutlery, cutting a piece of paper using scissors, stringing beads, lifting a heavy tray, etc.) require bimanual coordination [4]. In typically developing children, bimanual coordination begins to develop in infancy and continues to be refined over early childhood [5][6][7].…”

“…In contrast to typically developing children, children with unilateral Cerebral Palsy (CP) or hemiplegia struggle with bimanual coordination [9,10]. These difficulties are attributed to multiple factors, including (a) impaired sensorimotor control, muscle weakness, and spasticity on one side of the body; (b) poor sensory function on the affected side that impairs anticipatory and reactive control of bimanual actions; (c) attentional, motor planning, and motor learning-related deficits; and (d) damage to neural substrates that underlie the spatiotemporal coupling of movements of both UEs during bimanual activities, including the supplementary motor cortex, parietal lobe, and corpus callosum [4,[11][12][13][14][15][16][17]. Impaired bimanual coordination skills in children with hemiplegia ultimately contribute to their functional limitations in participating successfully across home, school, and other community settings [18].…”

Accelerometry-Based Metrics to Evaluate the Relative Use of the More Affected Arm during Daily Activities in Adults Living with Cerebral Palsy

“…The most predominant type of cerebral palsy (CP) is spastic hemiplegia [ 1 ] in which greater sensorimotor deficits are reported in the side of the body contralateral to the cerebral lesion [ 2 , 3 ] and weaker deficits are reported in the ipsilateral side [ 4 ]. Besides these unilateral motor deficits, there is a lack of bimanual coordination [ 5 ] that has a major impact on participation and independence in activities of daily living (ADL), since the majority of ADL require a coordinated use of both hands (e.g., to fold a towel) [ 6 , 7 ]. However, the assessment of bimanual functions and of the relative use of each arm remain challenging: most assessment tools are based on either a person’s own judgement about their motor performance (e.g., ABIlHAND-Kids questionnaire [ 8 ]), on the extrapolation of unimanual functions of the more affected hand (e.g., Box and Blocks [ 9 ]), or on clinical observation (e.g., Assisting Hand Assessment [ 10 ]).…”