Omega-3 fatty acids for the primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease

Abdelhamid, Asmaa; Brown, Tracey; Brainard, Julii; Biswas, Priti; Thorpe, Gabrielle; Moore, Helen; Deane, Katherine; AlAbdulghafoor, Fai K; Summerbell, Carolyn; Worthington, Helen V; Song, Fujian; Hooper, Lee

doi:10.1002/14651858.cd003177.pub3

Cited by 367 publications

(339 citation statements)

References 412 publications

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“…162 Moreover, a very recent meta-analysis that included 79 studies and 112 059 participants from the general population showed that intake of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids had no beneficial effect on all-cause mortality, CV mortality, and CV events. 163 While results of studies often differ in dialysis patients, these outcome data suggest that treatment with omega-3 fatty acids for CV disease prevention cannot be justified in HD patients.…”

Section: Statins/omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oxidative stress in hemodialysis: Causative mechanisms, clinical implications, and possible therapeutic interventions

Liakopoulos

Roumeliotis

Zarogiannis

et al. 2018

Seminars in Dialysis

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Oxidative stress (OS) is the result of prooxidant molecules overwhelming the antioxidant defense mechanisms. Hemodialysis (HD) constitutes a state of elevated inflammation and OS, due to loss of antioxidants during dialysis and activation of white blood cells triggering production of reactive oxygen species. Dialysis vintage, dialysis methods, and type and condition of vascular access, biocompatibility of dialyzer membrane and dialysate, iron administration, and anemia all can play a role in aggravating OS, which in turn has been associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Oral or intravenous administration of antioxidants may detoxify the oxidative molecules and at least in part repair OS‐mediated tissue damage. Lifestyle interventions and optimization of a highly biocompatible HD procedure might ameliorate OS development in dialysis.

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Section: Statins/omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oxidative stress in hemodialysis: Causative mechanisms, clinical implications, and possible therapeutic interventions

Liakopoulos

Roumeliotis

Zarogiannis

et al. 2018

Seminars in Dialysis

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“…There are many excellent reviews that cover these results [17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29]. However, the association between PUFA and cardiovascular risk factors and diseases has been surrounded by controversy [30][31][32][33][34][35] and the results of recent meta-analyses have been inconsistent [36][37][38][39][40][41].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, whether omega-6 and omega-3 PUFA oppositely contribute to a decrease in cardiovascular risk still remains debated. In a recent and comprehensive meta-analyses on the effects of omega-3 [37] and omega-6 PUFA [38] on cardiovascular risk, it has been pointed out that high quality evidence levels indicate that omega-3 PUFA has little or no effect on mortality or cardiovascular health. Likewise, the results indicated that increasing omega-6 PUFA only reduced myocardial infarction incidence but no other cardiovascular outcomes [39].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genome-Wide Association Study for Serum Omega-3 and Omega-6 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids: Exploratory Analysis of the Sex-Specific Effects and Dietary Modulation in Mediterranean Subjects with Metabolic Syndrome

et al. 2020

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Many early studies presented beneficial effects of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) on cardiovascular risk factors and disease. However, results from recent meta-analyses indicate that this effect would be very low or nil. One of the factors that may contribute to the inconsistency of the results is that, in most studies, genetic factors have not been taken into consideration. It is known that fatty acid desaturase (FADS) gene cluster in chromosome 11 is a very important determinant of plasma PUFA, and that the prevalence of the single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) varies greatly between populations and may constitute a bias in meta-analyses. Previous genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have been carried out in other populations and none of them have investigated sex and Mediterranean dietary pattern interactions at the genome-wide level. Our aims were to undertake a GWAS to discover the genes most associated with serum PUFA concentrations (omega-3, omega-6, and some fatty acids) in a scarcely studied Mediterranean population with metabolic syndrome, and to explore sex and adherence to Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) interactions at the genome-wide level. Serum PUFA were determined by NMR spectroscopy. We found strong robust associations between various SNPs in the FADS cluster and omega-3 concentrations (top-ranked in the adjusted model: FADS1-rs174547, p = 3.34 × 10−14; FADS1-rs174550, p = 5.35 × 10−14; FADS2-rs1535, p = 5.85 × 10−14; FADS1-rs174546, p = 6.72 × 10−14; FADS2-rs174546, p = 9.75 × 10−14; FADS2-rs174576, p = 1.17 × 10−13; FADS2-rs174577, p = 1.12 × 10−12, among others). We also detected a genome-wide significant association with other genes in chromosome 11: MYRF (myelin regulatory factor)-rs174535, p = 1.49 × 10−12; TMEM258 (transmembrane protein 258)-rs102275, p = 2.43 × 10−12; FEN1 (flap structure-specific endonuclease 1)-rs174538, p = 1.96 × 10−11). Similar genome-wide statistically significant results were found for docosahexaenoic fatty acid (DHA). However, no such associations were detected for omega-6 PUFAs or linoleic acid (LA). For total PUFA, we observed a consistent gene*sex interaction with the DNTTIP2 (deoxynucleotidyl transferase terminal interacting protein 2)-rs3747965 p = 1.36 × 10−8. For adherence to MedDiet, we obtained a relevant interaction with the ME1 (malic enzyme 1) gene (a gene strongly regulated by fat) in determining serum omega-3. The top-ranked SNP for this interaction was ME1-rs3798890 (p = 2.15 × 10−7). In the regional-wide association study, specifically focused on the FADS1/FASD2/FADS3 and ELOVL (fatty acid elongase) 2/ELOVL 5 regions, we detected several statistically significant associations at p < 0.05. In conclusion, our results confirm a robust role of the FADS cluster on serum PUFA in this population, but the associations vary depending on the PUFA. Moreover, the detection of some sex and diet interactions underlines the need for these associations/interactions to be studied in all specific populations so as to better understand the complex metabolism of PUFA.

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“…Abbreviations: ABI, anklebrachial index; CI, confidence interval; HR, hazard ratio; py, person-years; PAD, peripheral artery disease; N, number Previous studies have shown that a 1 g omega-3 supplement reduces neither cardiac and cerebrovascular disease 12,13 nor the incidence or progression of PAD in patients with and without CVD. 6,13 The findings of the present study extend this evidence to patients with dysglycaemia. Whereas there have been some conflicting data regarding the benefit of doses of omega-3 supplements exceeding…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of basal insulin glargine and omega‐3 on lower limb arterial disease outcome in patients with dysglycaemia: An analysis of the Outcome Reduction with an Initial Glargine INtervention (ORIGIN) trial

Dagenais

Jung

Bogaty

et al. 2019

Diabetes Obesity Metabolism

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The impact of insulin or omega-3 supplements on the incidence and progression of peripheral artery disease (PAD) in patients with dysglycaemia has not been well studied. The OutcomeReduction with an Initial Glargine INtervention (ORIGIN) trial randomized participants with dysglycaemia and cardiovascular risk factors to titrated insulin glargine vs standard care, and to either 1 g of omega-3 per day or placebo. We assessed incident PAD, defined as the composite of either asymptomatic or symptomatic PAD according to the randomized interventions in the 11 119 ORIGIN participants whose baseline ankle-brachial index (ABI) was >0.9 (no PAD), and PAD progression in the 971 ORIGIN participants whose baseline ABI was ≤0.9. Hazard ratios (HR) were adjusted for confounders. During a 6.2-year follow-up period, allocation to insulin glargine vs standard care had a neutral effect on the composite of PAD incidence (HR, 0.99; 95% CI, 0.86-1.15) and progression (HR, 0.88; 95% CI, 0.63-1.22). Similar findings were noted for allocation to omega-3 vs placebo for PAD incidence (HR, 1.02; 95% CI, 0.89-1.18) and progression (HR, 0.93; 95% CI, 0.67-1.28). In this large study, neither insulin glargine nor omega-3 affected the incidence or progression of PAD.

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Omega-3 fatty acids for the primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease

Cited by 367 publications

References 412 publications

Oxidative stress in hemodialysis: Causative mechanisms, clinical implications, and possible therapeutic interventions

Oxidative stress in hemodialysis: Causative mechanisms, clinical implications, and possible therapeutic interventions

Genome-Wide Association Study for Serum Omega-3 and Omega-6 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids: Exploratory Analysis of the Sex-Specific Effects and Dietary Modulation in Mediterranean Subjects with Metabolic Syndrome

Effects of basal insulin glargine and omega‐3 on lower limb arterial disease outcome in patients with dysglycaemia: An analysis of the Outcome Reduction with an Initial Glargine INtervention (ORIGIN) trial

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