Altered landing mechanics are shown by male youth soccer players at different stages of maturation

Read, Paul; Oliver, Jon L.; Myer, Gregory D.; Croix, Mark B. A. De Ste; Belshaw, Angus; Lloyd, Rhodri S.

doi:10.1016/j.ptsp.2018.07.001

Cited by 27 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…This could be explained by the rapid growth in limb length that adolescents experience during and immediately after peak height velocity, which can lead to temporary decrements in motor control and neuromuscular function. This finding is commensurate with previous research examining jumping and landing performance in junior male soccer players [26][27][28] and heightened injury incidence data associated with the growth spurt 29 .…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

“…Additionally, due to financial costs and time-consuming nature of testing, many 3D motion capture systems are impractical for applied settings, especially when attempting to screen large groups of young players in the setting of a soccer academy. Secondly, the point of maximum knee flexion was not quantified using a sagittal plane camera; however, the chosen method of determining the lowest point of the landing task has been validated in previous research 16,27 . Finally, correlation does not imply causation, and further research is required to better understand the reason for the variability in strength of relationships across the different maturity groups.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Maximum knee flexion angle was determined from the frame which indicated the lowest point of the landing task as observed on the video using the analysis software; an approach that is in accordance with previous research 16,27 . The FPPA was measured once for each DVJ trial.…”

Section: Tuck Jump Assessment (Tja)mentioning

confidence: 93%

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Comparison of Drop Jump and Tuck Jump Knee Joint Kinematics in Elite Male Youth Soccer Players: Implications for Injury Risk Screening

Lloyd¹,

Oliver²,

Myer³

et al. 2020

Journal of Sport Rehabilitation

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Context: Despite the popularity of jump-landing tasks being used to identify injury risk factors, minimal data currently exist examining differences in knee kinematics during commonly used bilateral jumping tasks. This is especially the case for rebounding-based protocols involving young athletes. Objective: To compare the frontal plane projection angles (FPPAs) during the drop vertical jump (DVJ) and tuck jump assessment (TJA) in a cohort of elite male youth soccer players of varying maturity status. Methods: A total of 57 male youth soccer players from an English championship soccer club participated in this study. Participants performed 3 trials of the DVJ and TJA, during which movement was recorded with 2-dimensional video cameras. FPPA for both right (FPPA-r) and left (FPPA-l) legs, with values <180° indicative of medial knee displacement. Results: On a whole-group level, FPPA-r (172.7° [7.4°] vs 177.2° [11.7°]; P < .05; effect size [ES] = 0.46) and FPPA-l (173.4° [7.3°] vs 179.2° [11.0°]; P < .05; ES = 0.62) were significantly greater for both limbs in the TJA compared with the DVJ; however, these differences were less consistent when grouped by maturity status. FPPA-r during the TJA was significantly and moderately greater in the circa-peak height velocity (PHV) group compared with the post-PHV cohorts (169.4° [6.4°] vs 175.3° [7.8°]; P < .05; ES = 0.49). Whole-group data showed moderate relationships for FPPA-r and FPPA-l between the TJA and DVJ; however, stronger relationships were shown in circa- and post-PHV players compared with the pre-PHV cohort. Conclusions: Considering that the TJA exposed players to a larger FPPA and was sensitive to between-group differences in FPPA-r, the TJA could be viewed as a more suitable screen for identifying FPPA in young male soccer players.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Comparison of Drop Jump and Tuck Jump Knee Joint Kinematics in Elite Male Youth Soccer Players: Implications for Injury Risk Screening

Lloyd¹,

Oliver²,

Myer³

et al. 2020

Journal of Sport Rehabilitation

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“…[13][14][15][16] The SLCMJ and 75%Hop were performed on a force plate (Pasco, Roseville, California, USA) and peak vertical ground reaction force were measured, with all variables reported relative to body weight. 15,17 All tests were performed unilaterally with an asymmetry index calculated for SLCMJ, SLHD, 75%Hop and ybalance. 6 The procedures for reporting injury occurrence have previously been described elsewhere.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Using machine learning to improve our understanding of injury risk and prediction in elite male youth football players

Oliver

Ayala

Croix³

et al. 2020

Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport

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“…These differences between young females and male can also be explained by anatomical aspects including an increase in both Q-angle and joint laxity as well as a decrease in notch width [ 169 ]. Such maturational effects are not present to the same extent in young males as improvements in knee valgus scores have actually been found with advancing age and stage of maturation [ 188 , 189 ]. This is further confounded in that compared to females, male youth appear to improve their lower limb control, sagittal plane motion, and landing forces during landing as they mature [ 190 , 191 , 192 ].…”

Section: Implications For Eccentric Resistance Training In Youthmentioning

confidence: 99%

Eccentric Resistance Training in Youth: Perspectives for Long-Term Athletic Development

Drury

Ratel

Clark

et al. 2019

JFMK

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The purpose of this narrative review is to discuss the role of eccentric resistance training in youth and how this training modality can be utilized within long-term physical development. Current literature on responses to eccentric exercise in youth has demonstrated that potential concerns, such as fatigue and muscle damage, compared to adults are not supported. Considering the importance of resistance training for youth athletes and the benefits of eccentric training in enhancing strength, power, speed, and resistance to injury, its inclusion throughout youth may be warranted. In this review we provide a brief overview of the physiological responses to exercise in youth with specific reference to the different responses to eccentric resistance training between children, adolescents, and adults. Thereafter, we discuss the importance of ensuring that force absorption qualities are trained throughout youth and how these may be influenced by growth and maturation. In particular, we propose practical methods on how eccentric resistance training methods can be implemented in youth via the inclusion of efficient landing mechanics, eccentric hamstrings strengthening and flywheel inertia training. This article proposes that the use of eccentric resistance training in youth should be considered a necessity to help develop both physical qualities that underpin sporting performance, as well as reducing injury risk. However, as with any other training modality implemented within youth, careful consideration should be given in accordance with an individual’s maturity status, training history and technical competency as well as being underpinned by current long-term physical development guidelines.

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Altered landing mechanics are shown by male youth soccer players at different stages of maturation

Abstract: Periods of rapid growth are associated with landing kinetics which may heighten injury risk. While reductions in knee valgus were displayed with maturation; a compensatory strategy of greater trunk lateral flexion was evident in post-PHV players and this may increase the risk of injury.

Cited by 27 publications

References 37 publications

Comparison of Drop Jump and Tuck Jump Knee Joint Kinematics in Elite Male Youth Soccer Players: Implications for Injury Risk Screening

Comparison of Drop Jump and Tuck Jump Knee Joint Kinematics in Elite Male Youth Soccer Players: Implications for Injury Risk Screening

Using machine learning to improve our understanding of injury risk and prediction in elite male youth football players

Eccentric Resistance Training in Youth: Perspectives for Long-Term Athletic Development

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