From signals to stem cells and back again

Janocha, Denis; Lohmann, Jan U.

doi:10.1016/j.pbi.2018.06.005

Cited by 25 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 77 publications

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“…We hypothesize that interactions of secreted phytohormones with stem cells found in meristems give rise to proliferations of plant tissue that constitute covering galls. Primary and secondary (cambial) meristems are under the control of CKs and IAA, and cell division, differentiation, and dedifferentiation can result from gradients in their concentration [110,111]. Therefore, we contend that what separates gall-from non-gall-inducing insects is their specialization to attack meristems, rather than their ability to produce phytohormones, which our results suggest is widespread among phytophagous insects.…”

Section: Role Of Cytokinins In Gall Inductionmentioning

confidence: 63%

Cytokinins Are Abundant and Widespread among Insect Species

Andreas

Kisiała

Emery

et al. 2020

Plants

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Cytokinins (CKs) are a class of compounds that have long been thought to be exclusively plant growth regulators. Interestingly, some species of phytopathogenic bacteria and fungi have been shown to, and gall-inducing insects have been hypothesized to, produce CKs and use them to manipulate their host plants. We used high performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) to examine concentrations of a wide range of CKs in 17 species of phytophagous insects, including gall- and non-gall-inducing species from all six orders of Insecta that contain species known to induce galls: Thysanoptera, Hemiptera, Lepidoptera, Coleoptera, Diptera, and Hymenoptera. We found CKs in all six orders of insects, and they were not associated exclusively with gall-inducing species. We detected 24 different CK analytes, varying in their chemical structure and biological activity. Isoprenoid precursor nucleotide and riboside forms of trans-zeatin (tZ) and isopentenyladenine (iP) were most abundant and widespread across the surveyed insect species. Notably, the observed concentrations of CKs often markedly exceeded those reported in plants suggesting that insects are synthesizing CKs rather than obtaining them from the host plant via tissue consumption, compound sequestration, and bioaccumulation. These findings support insect-derived CKs as means for gall-inducing insects to manipulate their host plant to facilitate cell proliferation, and for both gall- and non-gall-inducing insects to modify nutrient flux and plant defenses during herbivory. Furthermore, wide distribution of CKs across phytophagous insects, including non-gall-inducing species, suggests that insect-borne CKs could be involved in manipulation of source-sink mechanisms of nutrient allocation to sustain the feeding site and altering plant defensive responses, rather than solely gall induction. Given the absence of any evidence for genes in the de novo CK biosynthesis pathway in insects, we postulate that the tRNA-ipt pathway is responsible for CK production. However, the unusually high concentrations of CKs in insects, and the tendency toward dominance of their CK profiles by tZ and iP suggest that the tRNA-ipt pathway functions differently and substantially more efficiently in insects than in plants.

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Section: Role Of Cytokinins In Gall Inductionmentioning

confidence: 63%

Cytokinins Are Abundant and Widespread among Insect Species

Andreas

Kisiała

Emery

et al. 2020

Plants

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“…18). CLV1/BAM genes control shoot meristem size 35 and agronomic traits, such as kernel row number in maize or fruit size in tomato 36,37 , but have not been associated with seed size. Next, we used NIL lines to test whether variation in ZmBAM1d was responsible for HKW variation.…”

Section: Sk Genome-assisted Genetic Dissection Of Yield Traitsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genome assembly of a tropical maize inbred line provides insights into structural variation and crop improvement

et al. 2019

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“…It is a phenyl-urea compound that has been substantiated to have the cytokinin potency across plant species [24][25][26][27]. Growth regulators' signal conversions into metabolic activities and developmental morphologies in cells or organisms have been established in biology [28][29][30][31][32][33]. The concept is broadly utilized for downstream applications particularly in cell, tissue, and organ cultures as well as plant transformation across plant species [24,[34][35][36][37].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High frequency in vitro regeneration of adventitious shoots in daylilies (Hemerocallis sp) stem tissue using thidiazuron

Matand¹,

Shoemake

2020

BMC Plant Biol

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Background: Daylilies are a lucrative crop used for its floral beauty, medicinal proprieties, landscaping, fire prevention, nutritional value, and research. Despite the importance, daylilies remain extremely challenging for multiplying in vitro. The response difficulty is exacerbated because a few good protocols for daylilies micropropagation are generally difficult to reproduce across genotypes. An efficient strategy, currently applied at Langston University, is to systematically explore individual tissues or organs for their potential to micropropagation. This article is a partial report of the investigation carried out under room environmental conditions and focuses on developing an efficient daylilies in vitro propagation protocol that uses the stem tissue as the principal explant. Results: In less than three months, using thidiazuron, the use of the stem tissue as the in vitro experimental explant was successful in inducing multiple shoots several folds greater than current daylilies shoot organogenesis protocols. The study showed that tissue culture can be conducted successfully under unrestricted room environmental conditions as well as under the controlled environment of a growth chamber. It also showed that splitting lengthwise stem explants formed multiple shoots several folds greater than cross-sectioned and inverted explants. Shoot conversion rate was mostly independent of the number of shoots formed per explants. The overall response was explant and genotype-dependent. Efficient responses were observed in all thidiazuron treatments. Conclusion: An efficient protocol, which can be applied for mass multiple shoots formation using the daylilies stem tissue as the main explant, was successfully developed. This could lead to a broad and rapid propagation of the crop under an array of environmental conditions to meet the market demand and hasten exogenous gene transfer and breeding selection processes.

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From signals to stem cells and back again

Cited by 25 publications

References 77 publications

Cytokinins Are Abundant and Widespread among Insect Species

Cytokinins Are Abundant and Widespread among Insect Species

Genome assembly of a tropical maize inbred line provides insights into structural variation and crop improvement

High frequency in vitro regeneration of adventitious shoots in daylilies (Hemerocallis sp) stem tissue using thidiazuron

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