Cultivation of Drought-Tolerant and Insect-Resistant Rice Affects Soil Bacterial, but Not Fungal, Abundances and Community Structures

Ye, Shuifeng; Liu, Hua; Pan, Aihu; Ming, Feng; Tang, Xueming

doi:10.3389/fmicb.2018.01390

Cited by 32 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…The bulk soil was excised from at least 4 mm away from any roots, and soils within 2 mm of the root surface were considered rhizosphere soils [ 23 ]. Plants were gently removed from the soils, and rhizospheres were collected by gently shaking the roots to dislodge small adhering soil clumps [ 24 ]. Rhizosphere samples were collected from five randomly selected plants in each plot and mixed to form a composite sample.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The response of dominant and rare taxa for fungal diversity within different root environments to the cultivation of Bt and conventional cotton varieties

Xue

Shi

et al. 2018

Microbiome

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BackgroundBacillus thuringiensis (Bt) crops have been cultivated at a large scale over the past several decades, which have raised concern about unintended effects on natural environments. Microbial communities typically contain numerous rare taxa that make up the majority of community populations. However, the response of dominant and rare taxa for fungal diversity to the different root environments of Bt plants remains unclear.ResultsWe quantified fungal population sizes and community composition via quantitative PCR of ITS genes and 18S rRNA gene sequencing of, respectively, that were associated with Bt and conventional cotton variety rhizosphere soils from different plant growth stages. qPCR analyses indicated that fungal abundances reached their peak at the seedling stage and that the taproots and lateral root rhizospheres of the Bt cotton SGK321 were significantly different. However, no significant differences in population sizes were detected between the same root zones from Bt and the conventional cotton varieties. The overall patterns of fungal genera abundances followed that of the dominant genera, whereas overall patterns of fungal genera richness followed those of the rare genera. These results suggest that the dominant and rare taxa play different roles in the maintenance of rhizosphere microhabitat ecosystems. Cluster analyses indicated a separation of fungal communities based on the lateral roots or taproots from the three cotton varieties at the seedling stage, suggesting that root microhabitats had marked effects on fungal community composition. Redundancy analyses indicated that pH was more correlated to soil fungal community composition than Bt protein content.ConclusionsIn conclusion, these results indicate that dominant and rare fungal taxa differentially contribute to community dynamics in different root microhabitats of both Bt and conventional cotton varieties. Moreover, these results showed that the rhizosphere fungal community of Bt cotton did not respond significantly to the presence of Bt protein when compared to the two conventional cotton varieties.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (10.1186/s40168-018-0570-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The response of dominant and rare taxa for fungal diversity within different root environments to the cultivation of Bt and conventional cotton varieties

Xue

Shi

et al. 2018

Microbiome

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“…Cry protein hybridization signals were detected by Western blot using His-labeled antibody (1:2000 dilution) [13] . The contents of 13 Clabeled and 15 N-labeled Cry proteins were determined by the assay kit (QuantiPlate TM Kit for Cry1Ab/ Cry1Ac, EnviroLogix Inc., Portland, Maine, USA) [3] . δ C and δ 15 N value of C and N single-labeled Cry proteins 13 C-labeled and 15 N-labeled Cry proteins in 1× PBS buffer were lyophilized to obtain dried Cry proteins using a CoolSafe Freeze Dryer (LABOGENE Co., Ltd).…”

Section: Induction Conditions For Optimization Of Cry Proteinmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…One of the major research areas is the effect of Cry proteins released by transgenic crops on soil ecosystems. Key to this research will be determining the metabolic fate of Cry proteins in different types of soil [3] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Production of the 13C/15N single-labeled insecticidal protein Cry1Ab/Ac for the assessment of metabolic fate using recombinant Escherichia coli

Wang

Sun

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Stable isotope-labeled Cry1Ab/Ac protein is necessary for the metabolic study of exogenous insecticidal protein in soil using the stable isotope labeling technique, but no recombinant expression protocols for this protein have been reported. The artificially synthesized gene Cry1Ab/Ac of Bt rice Huahui No. 1, which obtained the safety certificate in China, was subcloned into pUC57 in this study, and the expression vector pET-28a-CryAb/Ac was constructed and transformed into Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3) competent cells. Next, 0.2 mM IPTG was added to these cells and cultured at 37°C for 4 h to induce the expressed protein to form inclusion bodies in the presence of M9 medium containing either [U-13C] glucose (5% 13C-enriched) or [15N] ammonium chloride (5% 15N-enriched). Then Cry inclusion bodies were dissolved in urea and purified by Ni column affinity chromatography under denaturing conditions, renatured by dialysis, and further detected by SDS-PAGE and Western blot. The purities of 13C/15N-labeled Cry proteins were each 99%, the amounts of which were 12.6 mg/L and 8.8 mg/L. The δ 13C and δ 15N values of 13C-labeled Cry protein and 15N-labeled Cry protein were 3268.68‰ and 2854.28‰, respectively. An insecticidal test showed that the prokaryotic expression of Cry1Ab/Ac protein had strong insecticidal activity. The stable isotope-labeled insecticidal Cry proteins produced for the first time in this study will provide an experimental basis for future metabolic studies of Cry protein in soil and the characteristics of nitrogen (N) and carbon (C) transformation. The findings will also provide a reference and basis for elucidating the environmental behaviors and ecological effects of Cry plants and expressed products.

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“…Due to the complexity of eld conditions and the lack of a uni ed approach to microorganism analysis, studies exploring the in uence of Bt-modi ed plants on soil microorganisms sometimes produce con icting results [11][12][13][14]. For example, one study showed that soil microorganisms are not adversely affected by the cultivation of Bt-modi ed cotton plants [15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Field-Grown Transgenic Cry1Ah1 Poplar on the Rhizosphere Microbiome

Wei

Movahedi

Pei-jun

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background: Poplar (Populus) is a genus of globally important plantation trees used widely in industrial and agricultural production. However, poplar is easily damaged by Micromelalopha troglodyta and Hyphantria cunea, resulting in a decline in poplar quality. Due to their strong insect resistance, Bt toxin-encoded Cry genes have been widely adopted in poplar breeding; however, potential adverse effects of Cry1Ah1-modified poplars on the ecological environment have raised concerns. Results: In this study, we comprehensively analyzed the structural and functional composition of the rhizosphere microbiome in field-grown transgenic Bt poplar. Conclusions: Our analysis of soil chemistry patterns revealed that soil alkaline nitrogen, soil available phosphorus, and microbial biomass nitrogen and phosphorus levels were improved, whereas microbial biomass carbon declined in Cry1Ah1-modified poplar rhizosphere samples. We applied metagenomic sequencing of Non-Transgenic (NT) and Cry1Ah1-modified poplar rhizosphere samples collected from a natural field; the predominant taxa included Proteobacteria, Acidobacteria, and Actinobacteria. We also identified microbial functional traits involved in membrane transport, amino acid metabolism, carbohydrate metabolism, and replication and repair in NT and Cry1Ah1-modified poplars. Together, these results demonstrate that the NT and Cry1Ah1-modified poplar rhizosphere microbiomes had similar diversity and structure. These differences in relative abundance were observed in a few genera but did not affect the primary genera or soil.

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Cultivation of Drought-Tolerant and Insect-Resistant Rice Affects Soil Bacterial, but Not Fungal, Abundances and Community Structures

Cited by 32 publications

References 34 publications

The response of dominant and rare taxa for fungal diversity within different root environments to the cultivation of Bt and conventional cotton varieties

The response of dominant and rare taxa for fungal diversity within different root environments to the cultivation of Bt and conventional cotton varieties

Production of the 13C/15N single-labeled insecticidal protein Cry1Ab/Ac for the assessment of metabolic fate using recombinant Escherichia coli

Effects of Field-Grown Transgenic Cry1Ah1 Poplar on the Rhizosphere Microbiome

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