30 years of polio campaigns in Ethiopia, India and Nigeria: the impacts of campaign design on vaccine hesitancy and health worker motivation

Neel, Abigail H.; Closser, Svea; Villanueva, Catherine; Majumdar, Piyusha; Gupta, Shiv Dutt; Krugman, Daniel; Akinyemi, Oluwaseun; Deressa, Wakgari; Kalbarczyk, Anna; Alonge, Olakunle

doi:10.1136/bmjgh-2021-006002

Cited by 11 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…In view of the findings from this study, however, much needs to be done at better educate the population on subjects relating to the Covid-19 vaccines. In addition, with the protracted history of vaccine hesitancy in Northern Nigeria [19,20], and the gross disconnect between political leaders and the citizens, the Government of Nigeria needs to do more in a bid to ease this strained relationship between the leaderships and their followers. Neglecting the place of trust in governance could also account for vaccine apathy as currently being witnessed with the Covid-19 vaccine hesitancy in Northern Nigeria [21].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Covid-19 Vaccine Hesitancy in Northern Nigeria

Adeniyi¹

2022

TIJAR

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The rapid development of the Covid-19 vaccine candidates through new and improved technologies and the rapidity with which these vaccine candidates were trialed and approved for public administration was highly commendable. However, the rapid administration of the Covid-19 vaccines raises a lot of concern among various world populations. This concern, relating directly to the safety and intents of the big pharmaceutical companies and governments, has led to the greatest form of health promotion initiative resistance in recorded human history. The universal level of hesitancy against the Covid-19 vaccines is now a subject of major concern among public health experts. This study which seeks to identify factors fostering Covid-19 vaccine hesitancy was conducted among the COVID-19 vaccine hesitant populations in Northern Nigeria. Findings from this study indicate that 84% of the study population makes use of the internet and other social media platforms for their news information sources. 42% of the study population would follow the guidance of their healthcare workers on issues relating to the Covid-19 vaccines. Covid-19 vaccine hesitancy in Northern Nigeria is largely fostered by a lack of appropriate information and a huge knowledge gap about the Covid-19 vaccines. It is, therefore, imperative that Government engages the young people of Northern Nigeria as critical stakeholders in the fight against Covid-19 vaccine hesitancy. Proper and tailored health educational programs, and meaningful engagements of religious leaders, parents, and healthcare workers in health promotion activities can help overcome the current challenge of Covid-19 vaccine hesitancy in Northern Nigeria. Keywords: Covid-19, Healthcare Workers, Immunization, Vaccine, Northern Nigeria, Vaccine Hesitancy.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Covid-19 Vaccine Hesitancy in Northern Nigeria

Adeniyi¹

2022

TIJAR

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“…The polio programme in Ethiopia is unusual in the extent to which the government successfully used polio funding to shore up other key health system functions over many years. The government used Global Polio Eradication Initiative (GPEI) funding to build out surveillance networks, improve the supply chain and expand human resources for health 8 41…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Over decades, these GPEI structures and local health systems became increasingly intertwined, with other programmes piggybacking on the polio platform to deliver services. Also, when community acceptance of polio vaccine became an issue, the GPEI codelivered other health services alongside polio vaccine in campaigns, in an effort to increase acceptance of polio vaccine; these efforts were largely successful 41…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

From legacy to integration in the Global Polio Eradication Initiative: looking back to look forward

Closser,

Neel,

Gerber

et al. 2024

BMJ Glob Health

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IntroductionThe Global Polio Eradication Initiative (GPEI) is a global single-disease programme with an extensive infrastructure in some of the world’s most underserved areas. It provides a key example of the opportunities and challenges of transition efforts—the process of shifting from donor-funded, single-disease programmes to programmes with more integrated and sustainable programmatic and funding streams. Our goal is to closely analyse the social and political dynamics of the polio transition in the 2010s to provide insights into today, as well as lessons for other programmes.MethodsWe conducted semistructured interviews with GPEI officials involved in transition planning across GPEI partner agencies (n=11). We also drew on document review and interviews with national and subnational actors in Nigeria, India, Ethiopia and the Democratic Republic of the Congo. We inductively analysed this material to capture emergent themes in the evolution of transition activities in the GPEI.ResultsSince the mid-2010s, GPEI actors expressed concern that polio’s assets should not be lost when polio was eradicated. Planning for polio’s legacy, however, proved complicated. The GPEI’s commitment to and focus on eradication had taken precedence over strong collaborations outside the polio programme, making building alliances for transition challenging. There were also complex questions around who should be responsible for the transition process, and which agencies would ultimately pay for and deliver polio-funded functions. Current efforts to achieve ‘integration’ both have great promise and must grapple with these same issues.DiscussionWithin the GPEI, relinquishing control to other programmes and planning for significant, long-term funding for transition will be central to achieving successful integration and eventual transition. Beyond polio, other vertical programmes can benefit from going beyond transition ‘planning’ to integrate transition into the initial design of vertical programmes.

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“…The literature supports the critical role of frontline health workers, noting that motivation of frontline workers is directly related to polio health campaign coverage and that frontline health campaign workers are key to ensuring that vaccinations are delivered [ 11 ]. Without strong routine immunization and timely vaccination campaigns in response to information from environmental surveillance data, polio outbreaks can and do occur [ 12 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mobile Money and the importance of timely, complete payments to frontline health campaign workers in the fight to eradicate polio: pilot experience from a World Health Organization digital payment platform in Africa

Hamani

Jama²,

Roland³

et al. 2023

BMC Health Serv Res

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Background In response to the increase in vaccine-derived poliovirus type 2 in Côte d’Ivoire, Mali, and many other African countries from 2017 to 2019, concentrated efforts are needed to improve the effectiveness of vaccination campaigns. Frontline polio health campaign worker engagement and job retention are critical to successful campaign implementation, as well as timely, in-full payment to these workers via an electronic system. Methods The Global Polio Eradication Initiative and its partners designed a road map to implement the World Health Organization Mobile Money digital payment system for health campaign workers across designated African Region countries and country-specific areas. The road map included: (1) strategy communication about Mobile Money to key stakeholders; (2) prioritization of Mobile Money pilot countries; (3) establishment of a digital finance team to support Mobile Money rollout for polio campaigns; (4) implementation of Mobile Money in select pilot areas; and (5) documentation by the digital finance team of Mobile Money implementation across pilot areas. At the country-specific level, and as described in the first pilot campaign in Côte d’Ivoire, implementation of Mobile Money occurred in 3 phases: precampaign, campaign, and postcampaign. Results Mobile Money was piloted in Côte d’Ivoire, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Ghana, Mali, and Republic of the Congo. Although program reach varied by country, the percentages of payments successfully made via Mobile Money in pilot countries were high: In campaign round 1, 99% of campaign workers in 2 regions in Mali, and 99% of campaign workers in 5 districts in Ghana were paid successfully. In Cote d’Ivoire, Mobile Money was piloted in all 113 districts for campaign rounds 1, 2 and 3, and in 4 districts in Abidjan for campaign round 3. In rounds 1, 2 and 3, 99.6%, 99.6%, and 99.9% of payments to polio health campaign workers, respectively, were made successfully. Conclusion Implementation of the Mobile Money pilot program, particularly across Côte d’Ivoire, demonstrates the value of an electronic payment system in addressing frontline polio health campaign worker need for timely, in-full payment. The World Health Organization-led Mobile Money pilot program can serve as a model for agencies committed to delivering greater efficiencies and improved health campaigns in resource-challenged settings.

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30 years of polio campaigns in Ethiopia, India and Nigeria: the impacts of campaign design on vaccine hesitancy and health worker motivation

Cited by 11 publications

References 40 publications

Covid-19 Vaccine Hesitancy in Northern Nigeria

Covid-19 Vaccine Hesitancy in Northern Nigeria

From legacy to integration in the Global Polio Eradication Initiative: looking back to look forward

Mobile Money and the importance of timely, complete payments to frontline health campaign workers in the fight to eradicate polio: pilot experience from a World Health Organization digital payment platform in Africa

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