30-Year effects of wood ash and nitrogen fertilization on soil chemical properties, soil microbial processes and stand growth in a Scots pine stand

Saarsalmi, Anna; Smolander, Aino; Kukkola, Mikko; Moilanen, Mikko; Saramäki, Jussi

doi:10.1016/j.foreco.2012.05.006

Cited by 73 publications

(55 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…In previous studies, ash addition to soils has had a positive impact on plant growth (Pérez-Cruzado et al 2010;Bougnom et al 2012;Materechera 2012;Moilanen et al 2012;Saarsalmi et al 2012). However, in our study, increasing ash concentrations in the soil decreased overall plant performance; for example, at the 1.0% ash treatment, and under non-flooded conditions, the Dawn cultivars died.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 66%

“…Wood ash, the solid by-product of wood incineration, has several proven beneficial effects on soils, such as an increase in soil pH and added nutrient value (Bougnom et al 2009(Bougnom et al , 2012Klemedtsson et al 2010;Pérez-Cruzado et al 2010;Arshad et al 2012;Saarsalmi et al 2012;Podmirseg et al 2013). This has been shown, in some cases, to lead to improved crop productivity (Pérez-Cruzado et al 2010;Bougnom et al 2012;Materechera 2012;Moilanen et al 2012;Saarsalmi et al 2012). Wood ash can contain, amongst a range of macro-nutrients (i.e.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Impacts of Applying Metal(loid) Enriched Wood Ash to Soils on the Growth and Elemental Accumulation of Rice

et al. 2018

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The mobility and uptake of phosphorus, manganese, arsenic, copper, zinc and several other heavy metal(loid)s to rice shoots and grains were measured under controlled irrigation [flooded and non-flooded] conditions in a pot experiment. Doses of 0.1-1% (w:w) of a metal(loid)-rich wood ash containing ≤ 13,000 mg kg −1 phosphorus, manganese, arsenic, copper and zinc were applied to a study soil to determine the impacts of the ash on rice grain quality and the fate of metal(loid)s. Pore water and rice shoots and grains were analysed for beneficial and toxic elements derived from the ash, and Food-chain exposure modelling was applied to the experimental data thereafter to predict risk of onward impacts to human health. Concentrations of phosphorus and manganese in pore water increased with ash addition, though this did not enhance grain phosphorus or manganese. Zinc mobility was largely reduced over the course of the experiment, but appeared unrelated to ash dose. Arsenic presented the greatest mobility in pore water of all measured metal(loid)s (~ 2500 µg l −1 ), with shoot concentrations displaying clear dose and irrigation response. Although rice concentrations of arsenic in grain were the lowest of all measured metal(loid)s, risk-modelling of the data showed that even a 0.1% addition of the study ash to soil could expose a high rice consuming cohort to a vastly increased probability of deleterious health impacts. Whilst it is unlikely that contaminated ash would be knowingly applied to land, this study highlights that even singular applications of metal(loid) rich ash to agricultural soils could have negative effects on crops and forward impacts to human health. Other application scenarios, whereby lesser contaminated ashes are repeatedly applied to soils, warrant further work with regard to potential risks of accumulated metal(loid)s entering the food chain.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 66%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Impacts of Applying Metal(loid) Enriched Wood Ash to Soils on the Growth and Elemental Accumulation of Rice

et al. 2018

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“…Based on the analysis of detrimental forest management practices (i.e., litter raking, fuelwood collection), the influence of biomass extraction on soil acidification was highlighted, because the uptake and storage of cations exceeds that of anions during tree growth and biomass buildup [40,41]. In order to mitigate the negative effects of intensive biomass extraction on the nutrient budget, the redistribution of wood ash is frequently discussed and has proven to be suitable to compensate for nutrient losses in forests, with the exception of N [13,[42][43][44][45], and was previously found to be applicable in the form of bark-ash-pellets at the study sites [14].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Estimation of Nutrient Exports Resulting from Thinning and Intensive Biomass Extraction in Medium-Aged Spruce and Pine Stands in Saxony, Northeast Germany

Knust

Schua

Feger

2016

Forests

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Abstract:A growing interest in using forest biomass for bioenergy generation may stimulate intensive harvesting scenarios in Germany. We calculated and compared nutrient exports of conventional stem only (SO), whole tree without needles (WT excl. needles), and whole tree (WT) harvesting in two medium aged Norway spruce (Picea abies L. KARST.) and Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) stands differing in productivity, and related them to soil nutrient pools and fluxes at the study sites. We established allometric biomass functions for each aboveground tree compartment and analyzed their nutrient contents. We analyzed soil nutrient stocks, estimated weathering rates, and obtained deposition and seepage data from nearby Level II stations. WT (excl. needles) and WT treatments cause nutrient losses 1.5 to 3.6 times higher than SO, while the biomass gain is only 1.18 to 1.25 in case of WT (excl. needles) and 1.28 to 1.30 in case of WT in the pine and spruce stand, respectively. Within the investigated 25-year period, WT harvesting would cause exports of N, K + , Ca 2+ , and Mg 2+ of 6.6, 8.8, 5.4, and 0.8 kg·ha −1 in the pine stand and 13.9, 7.0, 10.6, and 1.8 kg·ha −1 in the spruce stand annually. The relative impact of WT and WT (excl. needles) on the nutrient balance is similar in the pine and spruce stands, despite differences in stand productivities, and thus the absolute amount of nutrients removed. In addition to the impact of intensive harvesting, both sites are characterized by high seepage losses of base cations, further impairing the nutrient budget. While intensive biomass extraction causes detrimental effects on many key soil ecological properties, our calculations may serve to implement measures to improve the nutrient balance in forested ecosystems.

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“…Biochar and wood ash are soil amendments that have the potential to increase plant-available P, both by raising the pH of acidic soils and by directly supplying P in the biochar or ash particles themselves (Augusto et al 2008;DeLuca et al 2009;Saarsalmi et al 2012;Biederman and Harpole 2013 , and Ca 2+ that complex with P in the soil solution, increasing P availability (Xu et al 2014). Biochar and ash can also affect the soil microbial community, which may indirectly increase soil P availability.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phosphorus uptake and availability and short-term seedling growth in three Ontario soils amended with ash and biochar

et al. 2017

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Phosphorus (P) can be a limiting nutrient in terrestrial ecosystems and adding biochar or wood ash can increase plant-available P. We added wood ash and biochar to microcosms containing three acidic Ontario soils planted with red pine or sugar maple seedlings and observed seedling growth responses, as well as amendmentinduced changes in soil P pools, microbial P, and enzyme activity. Neither ash nor biochar consistently increased seedling growth; instead sugar maple and red pine seedlings often had opposing responses to the same amendment-soil combination. Overall, these results indicate that it is important to carefully consider both the chemical and physical characteristics of the soil and the ash or biochar, as well as the nutrient requirements of the target tree species, to effectively use these amendments to reduce P limitation.

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30-Year effects of wood ash and nitrogen fertilization on soil chemical properties, soil microbial processes and stand growth in a Scots pine stand

Cited by 73 publications

References 39 publications

The Impacts of Applying Metal(loid) Enriched Wood Ash to Soils on the Growth and Elemental Accumulation of Rice

The Impacts of Applying Metal(loid) Enriched Wood Ash to Soils on the Growth and Elemental Accumulation of Rice

Estimation of Nutrient Exports Resulting from Thinning and Intensive Biomass Extraction in Medium-Aged Spruce and Pine Stands in Saxony, Northeast Germany

Phosphorus uptake and availability and short-term seedling growth in three Ontario soils amended with ash and biochar

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