30 Li⁺‐Accommodating Covalent Organic Frameworks as Ultralong Cyclable High‐Capacity Li‐Ion Battery Electrodes

Abstract

Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) have attracted considerable attention as a facile and versatile design platform for advanced energy storage materials owing to their structural diversity, ordered porous structures, and chemical stability. In this study, a redox‐active COF (TP–OH–COF) that can accommodate 30 Li+ ions is synthesized for potential use as an ultralong cyclable high‐capacity lithium‐ion battery electrode material. The TP–OH–COF is synthesized using triformylpholoroglucinol and 2,5‐diaminohydroquinone dihydrochloride under solvothermal conditions. The accommodation of such exceptional Li+ ion content in the TP–OH–COF is achieved by alternately tethering redox‐active hydroxyl and carbonyl sites on the pore walls. Owing to this unique chemical/structural feature, the TP–OH–COF delivers a high specific capacity of 764.1 mAh g–1, and capacity retention of 63% after 8000 cycles at a fast current density of 5.0 A g–1.

Metalated covalent organic frameworks: from synthetic strategies to diverse applications

“…479 Also, the good thermostability and electrochemical stability of COFs undoubtedly can extend the cycle life of batteries. 480 To date, COFs have already been used to make lithium-ion, [481][482][483] sodium-ion, [484][485][486] potassiumion, 487,488 zinc-ion, 489,490 lithium-CO 2 , 491 lithium-sulfur, [492][493][494] and zinc-air batteries. 221 Functionally, COFs can be used as anodes, 362,475,495 cathodes, 478,496,497 solid-state electrolytes, [498][499][500] and separators.…”

Covalent Organic Framework for Rechargeable Batteries: Mechanisms and Properties of Ionic Conduction

“…[ 3,22,23,44–49,120–130 ] Moreover, the emerging ion‐conducting COFs with excellent ionic conductivity and high cation transfer number can reduce the battery polarization and improve the charging/discharging kinetics of electrodes. [ 131–143 ] The distinctive directional selectivity of ionic conduction in COFs is obviously different from the typical inorganic solid conductors and polymer conductors, so that COFs are suitable for diverse battery applications, including lithium‐ion, [ 144–166 ] lithium–sulfur, [ 167–208 ] sodium‐ion, [ 209–214 ] potassium‐ion, [ 215–219 ] lithium–CO 2 , [ 220–223 ] zinc‐ion, [ 224–230 ] zinc–air batteries, [ 231–234 ] etc. In this section, the traditional classification method of battery types is replaced by the classification according to the components among the dif...…”

“…Lee and co‐workers synthesized a redox‐active COF (named TP (1,3,5‐triformylpholoroglucinol)OHCOF) that can accommodate 30 Li + ions for potential use as a high‐capacity anode material. [ 147 ] The porous structures of TPOHCOF could provide a straightforward Li + diffusion pathway enabling the facile access of Li + ion toward the redox‐active sites. Tao and co‐workers further explored the storage and diffusion of Zn 2+ ion in the COF nanochannels.…”

Fabrication of porous imidazole polymerized ionic liquids with fast ion diffusing kinetics for super lithiation anode materials in lithium-ion batteries

“…[9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16] However, for reported polymer anodes, researches mostly focus on precision in the design and modication of diverse redox-active sites (such as covalent organic frameworks (COFs) and metal organic frameworks (MOFs)) to achieve a high specic capacity, and the sluggish rate performance still remains a formidable challenge. 17 For PILs, the ion diffusion kinetics is partly inuenced by the versatile design of building units. 18 Therefore, identifying a range of reliable PILs which combine high ionic conductivity and abundant redox-active sites will be capable of exploring their practical applications in LIBs.…”