3. The Fences of Ceuta and Melilla

Abstract

World of Walls states. Secondly, some border barriers (U.S.-Mexico barrier and Spanish fences in northern Morocco) embody what is called the "frontier of poverty" 10 or "The Great Wall of Capital" 11 that dramatically separate the global rich from the rest of the world. Thirdly, a large number of these border barriers were built to prevent irregular immigration from lesser-developed countries. On the two sides of the wall, there is always a significant potential imbalance of power, as well as asymmetric confidence. 12 Walls are never built against an equivalent power. When the targeted country is considered reliable, the fortification of the common border is adopted bilaterally. For example, the government of the United States collaborates extensively with Canada to control its northern border, while it imposes a border fence with Mexico. 13 The current border barriers can be sorted geographically. Asia, as the most fenced continent, contains almost twenty border barriers: India

Vulnerable People or Vulnerable Borders?

“…The EU focuses its cooperation with the Kingdom of Morroco, a relatively stable and developed country to the south of Spain, on readmission, border controls, and the reception of asylum-seekers (Carrera et al, 2016). The fences of the Spanish enclaves Ceuta and Melilla in Morocco represent a physical manifestation of Europe's walls built to hinder and stop migration (Saddiki, 2010). In 2012, the humanitarian organization Doctors Without Borders reported having assisted at least 600 individuals with injuries caused by direct and indirect violence at the border between Morocco and Spain (Gazzotti, 2020).…”