“…Thus, they differentiated their L1 and L2 referential choices. This was somewhat surprising because previous studies (Bae, 2001;Nakahama, 2003;Nistov, 2001;White, 1985) have shown the heavy influence of L1 referential strategies on L2 discourse production, especially when the learners' L1 and L2 language system differ markedly. Also, the finding was contradictory to what was expected based on past research that has suggested that the appropriate use of pronominals was of a late emergence in L2 learning for native speakers of topic-prominent languages, such as Korean and Japanese (Gundel & Tarone, 1983;Jin, 1994;Polio, 1995).…”