3. Immunology of leprosy

Britton, Warwick J.

doi:10.1016/0035-9203(93)90066-y

Cited by 48 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 63 publications

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“…This aspect can be physiologically important; however, to intensify the production of the ROS, the macrophages are rendered inefficient in eliminating bacilli in the borderline or lepromatous forms 4 . This cascade of events could also be responsible for the increase of MDA levels in the leprosy patients, mainly in the cases of the lepromatous form, since the immunological response of the organism is predominantly lymphocyte B dependent 15 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In leprosy patients, the development of the infection depends upon the quality of the immunological response. If the response is effective, the infection will produce a non-contagious localized expression of the disease; however, if the response is not effective, an intermediate form develops, reflecting a wide spectrum of resistance 4 . The defense mechanism has primordial participation of the macrophages, lymphocytes, and its cytokines, regulating the production, release and modulation of diverse and important cellular immunity reactions.…”

Section: Leprosy or Hansen Disease Is Caused By An Infection Bymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The defense mechanism has primordial participation of the macrophages, lymphocytes, and its cytokines, regulating the production, release and modulation of diverse and important cellular immunity reactions. In the tuberculoid form, this response is predominantly cellular, while lepromatous typically shows a humoral defense 4 .…”

Section: Leprosy or Hansen Disease Is Caused By An Infection Bymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Vitamin A and lipid peroxidation in patients with different forms of leprosy

Lima

Roland

Maroja³

et al. 2007

Rev. Inst. Med. trop. S. Paulo

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SUMMARYLeprosy, a chronic infectious disease, is caused by a Mycobacterium leprae infection. After India, Brazil has the second greatest number of cases in the world. Increase of oxidative stress and antioxidant deficiency are present in infected subjects and can be related to infection progression. We studied alterations in serum levels of lipid peroxidation (LPO) and vitamin A in patients with different forms of leprosy. Four groups of leprosy patients and a control group (healthy subjects) were selected, and their vitamin A serum levels and LPO profile, measured as malonaldehyde (MDA) were measured by spectrophotometric assays. The mean MDA serum levels (µmol/L) were 3.80 ± 0.5 for control group and 10.54 ± 1.1 in the leprosy patients and this increase was gradual, being more accentuated in severe forms of the disease. Also, the vitamin A serum levels (µg/dL) were diminished in the infected subjects (38.51 ± 4.2), mainly in lepromatous form, when compared with the control group (53.8 ± 5.6). These results indicate that LPO can be an important factor in Mycobacterium leprae infection, which can be related to increases in phagocytic activity and the general breakdown of antioxidants, contributing to an increase of LPO during infection progression. The evaluation of oxidant/antioxidant status in these patients can be an important factor in the treatment, control, and/or prognosis of this disease.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Leprosy or Hansen Disease Is Caused By An Infection Bymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Leprosy or Hansen Disease Is Caused By An Infection Bymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Vitamin A and lipid peroxidation in patients with different forms of leprosy

Lima

Roland

Maroja³

et al. 2007

Rev. Inst. Med. trop. S. Paulo

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“…As cellular ICAM-1 expression is reduced at the lesion site but elevated levels of sICAM-1 can be detected in the serum of lepromatous patients, increased shedding from keratinocytes and endothelial cells or production in other compartments may explain this phenomenon. It is therefore conceivable that soluble adhesion molecules present in the circulation of lepromatous patients are part of the unspecific factors that silence M. leprae-reactive T cells in this type of disease [12].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Soluble adhesion molecules in sera of patients with leprosy: levels of soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (sICAM-1) rapidly decrease during multi-drug therapy

Rieckmann

Scholze

Weichselbraun³

et al. 1996

Clinical and Experimental Immunology

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SUMMARYThe clinicopathological spectrum of leprosy is associated with an altered immunological reaction. The expression of adhesion molecules on endothelial cells directs the cellular traffic to sites of local skin and nerve inflammation. Soluble forms of adhesion molecules, which are released upon cytokine activation, can be detected in the circulation and may reflect ongoing tissue inflammation. We determined the serum levels of sICAM-1, sE-selectin and sL-selectin in 74 patients with leprosy (tuberculoid form, n 23; lepromatous form, n 36; acute leprous reaction, n 16) and 15 healthy age-and sex-matched control donors. Patients with lepromatous leprosy had significantly higher levels of sICAM-1 6 10 ng/ml) than patients with tuberculoid leprosy and normal donors (P<0 . 01). No differences between groups were detected for L-selectin. Patients with leprous reactions had similar high levels to lepromatous patients. Twenty lepromatous patients were re-examined after 4 weeks of therapy. A significant decrease in sICAM-1 serum levels was observed after 1 month of anti-mycobacterial treatment, which was accompanied by a reduction of mycobacteria in skin biopsies (P<0 . 01). Patients with leprous reactions (n 13) also demonstrated a drop in sICAM-1 after anti-inflammatory therapy. sE-selectin and sL-selectin serum values decreased only in lepromatous patients after therapy. It can be concluded that soluble adhesion molecules like sICAM-1 and sE-selectin are promising activity markers in patients with leprosy, which may be useful for treatment monitoring.

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“…Currently, it is known that sub clinical infection by M. leprae in endemic areas is very frequent, but the percentage of individuals who develop the disease is low (Britton 1993, Colston 1993.…”

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confidence: 99%