3-D Ultrasound and Thyroid Cancer Diagnosis: A Prospective Study

Abstract

This study tests the hypothesis that evaluation of thyroid nodule (TN) margin irregularities by threedimensional ultrasound (3-D-US) distinguishes benign from malignant TNs with greater sensitivity and specificity than two-dimensional ultrasound (2-D-US). We prospectively evaluated 344 TNs using both 2-D-US and 3-D-US followed by fine needle aspiration biopsy. TNs were divided into four groups based on the 3-D-US appearance of the margins. Bi-variate and multi-variate analyses were used. Surgical pathology confirmed 44 thyroid cancers in 40 patients. For 2-D-US, irregular margins and micro-calcifications (p < 0.001) were found more frequently in malignant TNs. Irregular margins on 2-D-US had a sensitivity and specificity of 61.4% and 79.3%, respectively. Irregular margins on 3-D-US had a sensitivity and specificity of 86.4% and 83.3%, respectively. Sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values were higher for irregular margins on 3-D-US than micro-calcifications and irregular margins on 2-D-US. Evaluation of TN margins by 3-D-US distinguished benign from malignant TNs with greater sensitivity and specificity than 2-D-US.

Thyroid nodule ultrasound accuracy in predicting thyroid malignancy based on TIRADS system

“…Fine-needle aspiration biopsy is the gold standard 1,2,9-11 for accurately detecting malignancy in thyroid nodule patients, with a substantial sensitivity of 98%, according to numerous studies. [12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26] It is, however, rarely chosen since it is time-consuming, intrusive and costly. The current meta-analysis is an excellent step in simplifying the nodule characterization technique by demonstrating that thyroid USG and FNAB are equally effective in diagnosing probable thyroid cancer in patients of all ages.…”

“…Azizi et al investigated the hypothesis stating that three-dimensional ultrasound (3-D-US) allows for distinguishing benign from malignant thyroid nodules with better sensitivity and specificity than two-dimensional ultrasound (2-D-US). 24 They used both 2-D-US and 3-D-US to examine 344 thyroid nodules, followed by a FNAB. Based on the appearance of the margins in 3-D-US, TNs were categorized into 4 categories.…”

“…Arpana et al 2018 12 Al-Ghanimi et al 2020 13 Smith-Bindman et al 2013 14 Liu et al 2019 15 Luo et al 2020 16 Kwak et al 2011 17 Srinivas et al 2016 18 Mohanty et al 2019 19 Nabahati et al 2019 20 Ghani et al 2018 21 Ram et al 2015 22 Wettasinghe et al 2019 23 Azizi et al 2021 24 Zayadeen et al 2016 25 nodule identification in patients of all ages and an efficient diagnostic method to decrease the difficulties associated with FNAB.…”

“…Table 1 presents the demographic features of the studies included in the MEDLINE database search query along with the evaluated factors. [12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26] The main goal of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of USGat detecting thyroid nodules in people of various ages. In order to assess the efficiency of US for nodule examination, patients of varied age groups were studied, and statistical parameters such as sensitivity, specificity, positive likelihood ratio (PLR), negative likelihood ratio (NLR), and diagnostic odds ratios (ORs) were calculated with the help of true positive (TP), false positive (FP), true negative (TN), and false negative (FN) values.…”

Preventive central neck lymph node dissection as a stage in the treatment of papillary thyroid cancer

“…В то же время, трудность дооперационного выявления метастазов обусловлена недостаточной диагностической эффективностью предоперационных исследований. Основным методом определения наличия пара-и претрахеальных метастазов является ультразвуковая диагностика, однако данный метод демонстрирует большое количество ложно отрицательных результатов [7,8]. Вторым методом является компьютерная томография (КТ).…”