3-D Spatial Resolution of 350 $\mu$m Pitch Pixelated CdZnTe Detectors for Imaging Applications

Yin, Yan; Chen, Ximeng; Wu, Heyu; Komarov, Sergey; Garson, A.; Li, Qiang; Guo, Q.; Krawczynski, H.; Meng, Ling-Jian; Tai, Yu‐Chong

doi:10.1109/tns.2012.2213611

Cited by 25 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Furthermore, comparing Fig. 9 to the work of Yongzhi Yin et al in pixelated energy resolution (of which was reported to be between 9%-11%), it is evident that reading energy information from the cathode side would not only lead to an improved energy resolution, but also to greatly improved peak-to-valley and peak-to-Compton-continuum ratios, which warrants a greatly improved capability of rejecting scattered gamma rays, as well as offers an improved effective detection efficiency when a finite low-energy threshold is used [27]. …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This is mainly due to the unrecoverable charge loss in the gap between anode pixels and the additional statistical fluctuations associated with the process of extracting the total induced signal from signals induced on adjacent pixels [27-29]. Various hardware workarounds have been implemented to improve the energy resolution.…”

Section: Challenges Of Using Small Pixel Czt and Cdte Detectors Fmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Hybrid Pixel-Waveform (HPWF) Enabled CdTe Detectors for Small Animal Gamma-Ray Imaging Applications

Gröll

Kim

Bhatia

et al. 2017

IEEE Trans. Radiat. Plasma Med. Sci.

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This paper presents the design and preliminary evaluation of small-pixel CdTe gamma ray detectors equipped with a hybrid pixel-waveform (HPWF) readout system for gamma ray imaging applications with additional discussion on CZT due to its similarity. The HPWF readout system utilizes a pixelated anode readout circuitry which is designed to only provide the pixel address. This readout circuitry works in coincidence with a high-speed digitizer to sample the cathode waveform which provides the energy, timing, and depth-of-interaction (DOI) information. This work focuses on the developed and experimentally evaluated prototype HPWF-CdTe detectors with a custom CMOS pixel-ASIC to readout small anode pixels of 350 μm in size, and a discrete waveform sampling circuitry to digitize the signal waveform induced on the large cathode. The intrinsic timing, energy, and spatial resolution were experimentally evaluated in this paper in conjunction with methods for depth of interaction (DOI) partitioning of the CdTe crystal. While the experimental studies discussed in this paper are primarily for evaluating HPWF detectors for small animal PET imaging, these detectors could find their applications for ultrahigh-resolution SPECT and other imaging modalities.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Challenges Of Using Small Pixel Czt and Cdte Detectors Fmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hybrid Pixel-Waveform (HPWF) Enabled CdTe Detectors for Small Animal Gamma-Ray Imaging Applications

Gröll

Kim

Bhatia

et al. 2017

IEEE Trans. Radiat. Plasma Med. Sci.

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“…The ENC can be calculated according to (4) and the result is given by equation (5). [See (5) at the bottom of the page.]…”

Section: B Noise Modelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In [2][3], a high resolution CZT-based detector for PET is presented by C. S. Levin et al The resolution of the detectors is under mm . Moreover, PET based m pitch pixelated CZT detectors are studied in the Y.-C. Tai's team [4]. Sub-m resolution can be achieved by using such highly pixelated CZT detectors.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design of a Multichannel Low-Noise Front-End Readout ASIC Dedicated to CZT Detectors for PET Imaging

Gao

Liu

Gao

et al. 2014

IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci.

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In this paper, we present the design and preliminary results of a novel low-noise front-end readout application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) for a PET imaging system whose objective is to achieve the following performances: the spatial resolution of mm , the detection efficiency of 15% and the time resolution of 1 ns. A cascode amplifier based on the PMOS input transistor is selected to realize the charge-sensitive amplifier (CSA) for the sake of good noise performances. The output of the CSA is split into two branches. One is connected to a slow shaper for energy measurements. The other is connected to a fast shaper for time acquisition. A novel monostable circuits is designed to adjust the time delay of the trigger signals so that the peak value of the shaped voltages can be sampled and stored. An eight-channel front-end readout prototype chip is designed and implemented in m CMOS process. The die size is mm mm. The input range of the ASIC is from 2000 e-to 180000 e-, reflecting to the energy level of the gamma ray from 11.2 keV to 1 MeV. The gain of the readout channel is 65 mV/fC. The tested result of ENC is 86.5 e-at zero farad plus 9.3 e-per picofarad. The nonlinearity is less than 3%. The crosstalk is less than 2%. The power dissipation is about 3 mW/channel.

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“…The resolution of the imager is under 1 mm 3 . PET based 350 μm pitch pixelated CZT detectors is studied in the Y.-C. Tai's team [4]. Sub-500 μm resolution can be achieved by using such highly pixelated CZT detectors.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

SENSROC4: An multichannel low-noise front-end readout ASIC dedicated to CZT detectors for PET imaging

Gao¹,

Liu²,

Gao³

et al. 2013

2013 3rd International Conference on Advancements in Nuclear Instrumentation, Measurement Methods and Their Applications (ANIMM

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In this paper, we present the design of a novel low-noise front-end readout application-specific integrated circuit for our small animal PET systems which objective is to achieve the following performances, the spatial resolution of 1 mm 3 , the detection efficiency of 15 % and the time resolution of 1 ns. A cascode amplifier based on the PMOS input transistor is selected to realize the charge-sensitive amplifier (CSA) for the sake of good noise performances. The output of the CSA is split into two branches. One is connected to a slow shaper for energy measurements. The other is connected to a fast shaper for time acquisition. A novel monostable circuits is designed to adjust the time delay of the trigger signals so that the peak value of the shaped voltages can be sampled and stored. Based on the above topology, an eight-channel front-end readout prototype chip is designed and implemented in 0.35 μm CMOS process. The die size is 2.286 mm × 2.282 mm. The input range of the ASIC is from 2000 e-to 180000 e-, reflecting to the energy of the gamma ray from 11.2 keV to 1 MeV. The gain of the readout channel is 65 V/pC. The best test result of ENC is 86.5 e-at zero farad plus 9.3 e-per picofarad. The nonlinearity is less than 3 %. The crosstalk is less than 2 %. The power dissipation is about 3 mW/channel.

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3-D Spatial Resolution of 350 $\mu$m Pitch Pixelated CdZnTe Detectors for Imaging Applications

Cited by 25 publications

References 25 publications

Hybrid Pixel-Waveform (HPWF) Enabled CdTe Detectors for Small Animal Gamma-Ray Imaging Applications

Hybrid Pixel-Waveform (HPWF) Enabled CdTe Detectors for Small Animal Gamma-Ray Imaging Applications

Design of a Multichannel Low-Noise Front-End Readout ASIC Dedicated to CZT Detectors for PET Imaging

SENSROC4: An multichannel low-noise front-end readout ASIC dedicated to CZT detectors for PET imaging

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