3-D Scale Model Study of Wave Run-Up, Overtopping and Damage in a Rubble-Mound Breakwater Subject to Oblique Extreme Wave Conditions

Santos, João Alfredo; Pedro, Francisco G.; Coimbra, Mário; Figuero, Andrés; Fortes, Conceição Juana; Sande, José; Körner, Moritz; Lemos, Rute; Bornschein, Antje; Weimper, Julius; Bos, Jeroen van den; Dost, Bastian; Hofland, Bas; Carvalho, Rita F.; Alvarellos, Alberto; Peña, Enrique; Pohl, Reinhard; Kerpen, Nils B.; Reis, Maria Teresa

doi:10.4028/www.scientific.net/ddf.396.32

Cited by 6 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Beyond these geoscientific objectives, the Smartstone probe was successfully used in experiments focussing on coastal-engineering and hydro-engineering problems. Santos et al (2019) briefly reported experiments to investigate the stability of breakwater amour units. By means of the Smartstone probe data, Ravindra et al (2020) presented a detailed analysis of the failure mechanism of placed riprap on laboratory dam models.…”

Section: Potentials Of the Smartstone Probementioning

confidence: 99%

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The potential of Smartstone probes in landslide experiments: how to read motion data

Dost

Gronz

Casper

et al. 2020

Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci.

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Abstract. Laboratory landslide experiments enable the observation of specific properties of these natural hazards. However, these observations are limited by traditional techniques: frequently used high-speed video analysis and wired sensors (e.g. displacement). These techniques lead to the drawback that either only the surface and 2D profiles can be observed or wires confine the motion behaviour. In contrast, an unconfined observation of the total spatiotemporal dynamics of landslides is needed for an adequate understanding of these natural hazards. The present study introduces an autonomous and wireless probe to characterize motion features of single clasts within laboratory-scale landslides. The Smartstone probe is based on an inertial measurement unit (IMU) and records acceleration and rotation at a sampling rate of 100 Hz. The recording ranges are ±16 g (accelerometer) and ±2000∘ s−1 (gyroscope). The plastic tube housing is 55 mm long with a diameter of 10 mm. The probe is controlled, and data are read out via active radio frequency identification (active RFID) technology. Due to this technique, the probe works under low-power conditions, enabling the use of small button cell batteries and minimizing its size. Using the Smartstone probe, the motion of single clasts (gravel size, median particle diameter d50 of 42 mm) within approx. 520 kg of a uniformly graded pebble material was observed in a laboratory experiment. Single pebbles were equipped with probes and placed embedded and superficially in or on the material. In a first analysis step, the data of one pebble are interpreted qualitatively, allowing for the determination of different transport modes, such as translation, rotation and saltation. In a second step, the motion is quantified by means of derived movement characteristics: the analysed pebble moves mainly in the vertical direction during the first motion phase with a maximal vertical velocity of approx. 1.7 m s−1. A strong acceleration peak of approx. 36 m s−2 is interpreted as a pronounced hit and leads to a complex rotational-motion pattern. In a third step, displacement is derived and amounts to approx. 1.0 m in the vertical direction. The deviation compared to laser distance measurements was approx. −10 %. Furthermore, a full 3D spatiotemporal trajectory of the pebble is reconstructed and visualized supporting the interpretations. Finally, it is demonstrated that multiple pebbles can be analysed simultaneously within one experiment. Compared to other observation methods Smartstone probes allow for the quantification of internal movement characteristics and, consequently, a motion sampling in landslide experiments.

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Section: Potentials Of the Smartstone Probementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The spatiotemporal progression of moving slope material is the subject of research in various geoscientific disciplines (e.g. Wang et al, 2018;Aaron and McDougall, 2019;Schilirò et al, 2019). Laboratory experiments are a wellestablished instrument to investigate the physical behaviour of landslide motion processes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The potential of Smartstone probes in landslide experiments: how to read motion data

Dost

Gronz

Casper

et al. 2020

Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci.

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“…The total model is 9.0m long, 0.82m high and 3.0m wide. Details of the model can be found at the data storage report (Santos et al 2019). The waves in the model were measured with arrays made of six acoustic wave probes.…”

Section: Breakwater Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wave Run-Up and Overtopping in Rubble-Mound Breakwaters Under Oblique Wave Incidence

Reis¹,

Santos²,

Fortes³

et al. 2020

Int. Conf. Coastal. Eng.

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The existing data gaps triggered the interest in developing the present experimental work, whose main goal is to contribute to a new whole understanding of the phenomena to mitigate future sea level rise impacts in European coastal structures, including the run-up and overtopping characterization on rough and permeable slopes. The key point is to extend the range of wave steepness values in run-up, overtopping and armour layer stability studies, focusing on oblique extreme wave conditions and on their effects on a sloping breakwater's trunk armour and roundhead. Recorded Presentation from the vICCE (YouTube Link): https://youtu.be/sHxoaocYuL0

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“…The influence of high incidence angles (very oblique waves) on breakwaters is unknown, as limited data is available. The accepted climate change scenarios, which report sea level rise (Weisse et al, 2014), causing different conditions of incident wave angles on breakwaters, foster the study of very oblique waves in what concerns both their characterization as well as their influence on rubble-mound breakwaters within RodBreak experimental work (Santos et al, 2019a). RodBreak main goal was to contribute to a new whole understanding of the phenomena filling existing data gaps in the R&D&I, to enable the mitigation of future sea level rise in European coastal structures (Santos et al, 2019b).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The accepted climate change scenarios, which report sea level rise (Weisse et al, 2014), causing different conditions of incident wave angles on breakwaters, foster the study of very oblique waves in what concerns both their characterization as well as their influence on rubble-mound breakwaters within RodBreak experimental work (Santos et al, 2019a). RodBreak main goal was to contribute to a new whole understanding of the phenomena filling existing data gaps in the R&D&I, to enable the mitigation of future sea level rise in European coastal structures (Santos et al, 2019b). This includes the run-up and overtopping characterization on rough and permeable slopes, as well as to check and extend the validity range of the formulas developed for armour layer stability, focusing on oblique extreme wave conditions and on their effects on a gentler slope breakwater's trunk and roundhead.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental and numerical simulations of oblique extreme wave conditions in front of a breakwater's trunk and round head

Carvalho¹,

Santos²,

Ojeda³

et al. 2021

RGCI

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Climate change studies already reported sea level rise as an accepted scenario, which induces changes in nearshore wave conditions. A large range of new experiences including water level, run-up, overtopping, hydrodynamic data for different wave steepnesses and directions was performed in the Leibniz Universität Hannover (LUH) wave basin for a rubble mound breakwater with a slope of 1(V):2(H). This work presents, focusing on oblique extreme wave conditions, numerical simulations of the hydrodynamics in that experiment using OpenFOAM®. Results of the wave generation boundary conditions and their propagation, namely elevation of the water level free-surface and velocity data at specific locations are compared and discussed with data from experimental measurements acquired by acoustic wave gauges and acoustic doppler velocimeter (ADV) / Vectrino equipment. Although an exact match between numerical and laboratory values was not reached, an appropriate incident wave angle and a reasonable amplitude of velocities and water depths was achieved and the same happened to the statistics of those values.

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3-D Scale Model Study of Wave Run-Up, Overtopping and Damage in a Rubble-Mound Breakwater Subject to Oblique Extreme Wave Conditions

Cited by 6 publications

References 11 publications

The potential of Smartstone probes in landslide experiments: how to read motion data

The potential of Smartstone probes in landslide experiments: how to read motion data

Wave Run-Up and Overtopping in Rubble-Mound Breakwaters Under Oblique Wave Incidence

Experimental and numerical simulations of oblique extreme wave conditions in front of a breakwater's trunk and round head

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