3-D-Printed 96 GHz Bull’s-Eye Antenna With Off-Axis Beaming

Beaskoetxea, Unai; Maci, S.; Navarro‐Cía, Miguel; Beruete, Miguel

doi:10.1109/tap.2016.2628322

Cited by 39 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…Several observations can be done from this set of data: (i) the slight standing‐wave pattern on the input side (more noticeable in Figure b for sample III) at the center accounts for some reflection; (ii) the leaky wave supported by the hole array radiates in both the upward and downward directions; (iii) the output signal is composed of direct transmission through the illuminated holes along with the contribution from the upward radiating leaky wave; hence, the transmission coefficient is higher than −3 dB; (iv) the leaky wave involved in the EOT phenomenon is a negative space harmonic that enables the backward phase propagation of the leaky wave on the structure. Considering the operation frequency and the periodicity of the structure as well as the broadside radiation, it is easy to demonstrate that it is the (0, −1) space harmonic, in good agreement with other structures that also present enhanced transmission . From analytical calculations using a generalized pencil‐of‐function method, the leakage constant α normalized to the free‐space wave vector k 0 is estimated to be ≈0.035 and ≈0.015 for sample II and sample III at the corresponding EOT frequency, which is in agreement with theory (i.e., leaky waves have a shorter propagation length in dielectric‐loaded subwavelength hole arrays than in freestanding counterparts) and is in the range observed in the analogous 1D structure …”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 77%

“…Considering the operation frequency and the periodicity of the structure as well as the broadside radiation, it is easy to demonstrate that it is the (0, −1) space harmonic, in good agreement with other structures that also present enhanced transmission . From analytical calculations using a generalized pencil‐of‐function method, the leakage constant α normalized to the free‐space wave vector k 0 is estimated to be ≈0.035 and ≈0.015 for sample II and sample III at the corresponding EOT frequency, which is in agreement with theory (i.e., leaky waves have a shorter propagation length in dielectric‐loaded subwavelength hole arrays than in freestanding counterparts) and is in the range observed in the analogous 1D structure …”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 77%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Extraordinary THz Transmission with a Small Beam Spot: The Leaky Wave Mechanism

Navarro‐Cía

Pacheco‐Peña

Kuznetsov

et al. 2018

Advanced Optical Materials

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plate has been crucial for the development of plasmonics, which is now a central part of nanophotonics technology, opening new avenues toward high performance devices such as color filters [1] and sensing platforms. [2] However, a typical drawback of EOT hole arrays compared to other 2D structures such as metasurfaces [3] is the relatively large number of holes necessary to get a well-defined resonance peak with high amplitude. [4] Indeed, this strong dependence of EOT on the number of holes was identified since the first experiments dealing with the phenomenon [5] and was explained invoking surface plasmons. Experimental results at infrared [5] already showed noticeable differences between large and small arrays. More systematic studies dealing with the enhancement of transmission as the size of the array was gradually increased were reported in the millimeter-wave regime [4,6,7] and it was found that with 961 holes (31 × 31) total transmission was reached. [7] Afterward, theoretical [8] and experimental [9] works arrived at the same conclusion.It is nowadays well established that the EOT resonance in subwavelength hole arrays (and also in an aperture flanked by periodic corrugations as discussed later) relies on surface electromagnetic modes that arise due to the coupling between holes (whose shape and size modulate slightly the EOT peak as long as the holes remain subwavelength, i.e., cut-off regime [4,7,[10][11][12][13][14][15] ), regardless the precise origin of these surface modes. [16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24] In real metals at visible frequencies, coupling is possible through surface plasmon polaritons as well as diffraction modes. [22] In contrast, metals at terahertz are generally considered as good conductors, and they fit in a high conductivity model which is a good approximation to a perfect conductor. In this regime, surface plasmons cannot be supported and all the coupling is through diffraction. [19] Then, the surface modes responsible for the coupling are leaky waves, [17,22,23,[25][26][27] i.e., complex waves [27] that radiate power away from the surface as they propagate along it. Leaky waves were already invoked in the prominent work by Ulrich [26] to explain the salient features of metal meshes in the far infrared, principally strong peaks in the transmittance that are directly related to the so-called resonant Wood's anomalies of reflection gratings [17,25,26] and that emerge as a result of the interference between the direct beam and the leakage beams.Aside from this, other models have been proposed to explain EOT, which can be classified into three main frames: (i) theory based on surface plasmons, [5,16,18] and (ii) full-wave diffraction models [8,17,19,24,28] discussed above, and (iii) theory based on The discovery of extraordinary optical transmission (EOT) through patterned metallic foils in the late 1990s was decisive for the development of plasmonics and cleared the path to employ small apertures for a variety of interesting applications all along the electromagnetic spectrum....

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 77%

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 77%

Extraordinary THz Transmission with a Small Beam Spot: The Leaky Wave Mechanism

Navarro‐Cía

Pacheco‐Peña

Kuznetsov

et al. 2018

Advanced Optical Materials

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Another desirable characteristic lies in having the source on the aperture plane, so one can also eliminate the need of deploying the feed. Along these lines, m a n u s c r i t p t 2 it is possible to use corrugations around a rectangular subwavelength slot in order to get either a broadside pencil beam with concentric rings [4] or a tilted one with centershifted grooves [5]. The latter structures are low profile and can be readily integrated in the satellite chassis.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Additive Manufactured Metal-Only Modulated Metasurface Antennas

González‐Ovejero

Chahat

Sauleau

et al. 2018

IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagat.

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In metasurface (MTS) antennas, a surface-wave (SW) is gradually transformed into a leaky-wave (LW), owing to the SW interaction with a reactance tensor periodically modulated in the aperture plane. In such antennas, the modulated reactance is typically obtained by sub-wavelength patches printed on a dielectric substrate. As an alternative technology, we propose the use of a class of metal-only MTSs in the synthesis of the reactance tensor. The absence of dielectric is useful to withstand harsh environments in space applications. The proposed element consists of a metallic cylinder with elliptical cross-section, placed on a ground plane and arranged in a square lattice with subwavelength unit-cells. This structure is well suited for fabrication by metal additive manufacturing. We have applied the metal cylinders in the design of a right-handed circularly polarized (RHCP) antenna, with broadside pencil beam at Ka band. The obtained performance has been verified by full-wave simulations. A prototype has been successfully manufactured and measured, showing a good performance.

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“…provide low sidelobe levels (SLL). To this aim, innovative solutions have been recently proposed, such as those based on Bull's-Eye low-profile structures [8], [9], though they are limited to producing single linear polarization.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Additive Manufacturing of Modulated Triple-Ridge Leaky-Wave Antenna

Dorlé

Gillard

Menargues

et al. 2018

Antennas Wirel. Propag. Lett.

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This article investigates the potential of additive manufacturing for the fabrication of complex antenna geometries with enhanced performance at K-band. Stereolithography is here used to 3D-print a novel topology of dual-polarized leaky-wave antenna that allows for the control of its aperture illumination both in phase and magnitude. The antenna consists of a modulated triple-ridge square waveguide perforated on its top wall with crossed slots of different sizes. An orthomodetransducer is integrated within the structure for dual-mode operation. Monolithic implementation of this compound threedimensional structure is only possible thanks to additive manufacturing. In addition, low weight and compactness are attained comparing to classical milling. The present proposal is validated through the manufacturing of a low sidelobe levels prototype suitable for intersatellite links. The corresponding measured results are in very good agreement with full-wave predictions.

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3-D-Printed 96 GHz Bull’s-Eye Antenna With Off-Axis Beaming

Cited by 39 publications

References 49 publications

Extraordinary THz Transmission with a Small Beam Spot: The Leaky Wave Mechanism

Extraordinary THz Transmission with a Small Beam Spot: The Leaky Wave Mechanism

Additive Manufactured Metal-Only Modulated Metasurface Antennas

Additive Manufacturing of Modulated Triple-Ridge Leaky-Wave Antenna

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