3-D Perspective Primary Flight Displays for Aircraft

Alter, Keith; Barrows, Andrew K.; Jennings, Chad; Powell, J. David

doi:10.1177/154193120004401308

Cited by 8 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…When pilots were asked to report their level of agreement with the statement, "I would use this system if it were available on my aircraft," eight pilots chose "Strongly Agree" (5), five chose "Agree" (4), one chose "Neither Agree Nor Disagree" (3) and two chose "Disagree" (2). Median response was 4.5, between "Strongly Agree" and "Agree."…”

Section: Hypothesis 4 Confirmedmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Significant work in this area includes synthetic vision and augmented-reality displays (terrain in low-visibility environments, navigation aids) [2,4,32,38], weather visualization including NASA's AWIN, TPAWS and AWE [5,16,29,31], and turbulence detection and prediction [36]. Holforty [12] developed a system for wake vortex prediction and display.…”

Section: Human Factors In Aviationmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Improving aviation safety with information visualization

Aragon

Hearst

2005

Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems

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Many aircraft accidents each year are caused by encounters with invisible airflow hazards. Recent advances in aviation sensor technology offer the potential for aircraft-based sensors that can gather large amounts of airflow velocity data in real-time. With this influx of data comes the need to study how best to present it to the pilot -a cognitively overloaded user focused on a primary task other than that of information visualization.In this paper, we present the results of a usability study of an airflow hazard visualization system that significantly reduced the crash rate among experienced helicopter pilots flying a high fidelity, aerodynamically realistic fixed-base rotorcraft flight simulator into hazardous conditions. We focus on one particular aviation application, but the results may be relevant to user interfaces in other operationally stressful environments.

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Section: Hypothesis 4 Confirmedmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Human Factors In Aviationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improving aviation safety with information visualization

Aragon

Hearst

2005

Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems

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“…Although PFDs initially depicted attitude and flight-guidance information, they now can include forward-looking perspective views containing both guidance information such as the highway in the sky (HITS; Beringer, 2000;Theunissen, Roefs, & Etherington, this issue) and representations of the outside world such as the synthetic vision display addressed in this issue (see also Alter, Barrows, Jennings, & Powell, 2000). Data relevant to general aviation (GA) are available that might be useful for determining what the allowable range of variation in design parameters can be that still supports effective pilot performance.…”

Section: Application To Display Evaluation: Terrain-depicting Displaysmentioning

confidence: 98%

Unknown-Attitude Recoveries Using Conventional and Terrain-Depicting Attitude Indicators: Difference Testing, Equivalence Testing, and Equivalent Level of Safety

Beringer

Ball

2009

The International Journal of Aviation Psychology

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The objectives of this study were to assess the effects of differing formats of forward-looking primary flight display (PFD; electronic attitude-direction indicator, full-color terrain, uniformly brown terrain) on general aviation (GA) pilot recoveries from unknown attitudes and to determine if recovery assistance embodied in the display could be useful. Total recovery times and control reversals were examined as indexes of performance for 40 GA pilots, and the recovery times were subjected to a comparative analysis using both a parametric difference analysis and an equivalence testing technique. Results suggest that for the specific conditions investigated, terrain-depicting PFDs supported performance that was equivalent to that observed with the standard attitude indicator. Equivalence testing is recommended for cases where it is desirable to determine if one device or system provides for performance that is equivalent to another.It is frequently necessary to determine whether some system or product can be said to be equivalent in its performance to something else. There are several application areas in which it would be valuable to be able to present quantitative analyses of the relative performance of two things where we are not so much interested in determining that the distributions of performance scores are different (traditional

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“…One major component of Electronic Flight Instrumentation Systems (EFIS) is the Primary Flight Display (PFD). Although PFDs initially depicted attitude and flight-guidance information, they now can include forward-looking perspective views of both guidance information (Beringer, 2000) and of the outside world (Alter, Barrows, Jennings, & Powell, 2000). Data relevant to GA are available that may be useful for determining what the allowable range of variation in design parameters can be that still supports effective pilot performance.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Using Terrain-depicting Primary Flight Displays for performing instrument-referenced tasks: Can we empirically test for ‘Equivalent level of safety’ ?

Beringer

Ball

2005

Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual

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A study was conducted to determine if primary flight displays (PFDs) depicting terrain could be used with a level of safety equivalent to electronic attitude-direction indicators (EADIs) without terrain. Five groups of 8 pilots each flew scenarios in a flight simulator using one of three PFDs with or without guidance cues. Performances of instrument-referenced maneuvers using the EADI were measured, followed by trials with an experimental format. Performance measures included initial response time, total recovery time, and control reversals. Traditional parametric analyses found no significant performance differences between groups. Analyses using confidence intervals to assess equivalence of distributions showed group performances were essentially the same. Pilot preferences were examined and are reported. It was concluded that the specific terrain representations did not reduce the level of safety for these specific maneuvers. This technique is recommended for applicants wishing to demonstrate a level of safety equivalent to existing systems.

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3-D Perspective Primary Flight Displays for Aircraft

Cited by 8 publications

References 6 publications

Improving aviation safety with information visualization

Improving aviation safety with information visualization

Unknown-Attitude Recoveries Using Conventional and Terrain-Depicting Attitude Indicators: Difference Testing, Equivalence Testing, and Equivalent Level of Safety

Using Terrain-depicting Primary Flight Displays for performing instrument-referenced tasks: Can we empirically test for ‘Equivalent level of safety’ ?

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