3-D Non-UV Digital Printing of Hydrogel Microstructures by Optically Controlled Digital Electropolymerization

Liu, Na; Pan, Li; Liu, Lianqing; Yu, Haibo; Wang, Yuechao; Lee, Gwo‐Bin; Li, Wen J.

doi:10.1109/jmems.2015.2477217

Cited by 19 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…In recent years, a series of photoresponsive hydrogel‐based functional materials have been developed that show a number of emerging features, such as fluorescent, mechanical, and adhesive properties . However, changing the conductivity of hydrogels by illumination‐mediated ionic migration represents a promising yet challenging photoconductive property that could be applied in many fields, including photodetectors, the simulation of biophotoelectric signals, and light control circuits . Because of the difficulty of modulating the free movement of ions, it seems impossible to achieve photocontrolled ionic conductivity in hydrogels by using a chemical strategy.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reversible Ion‐Conducting Switch in a Novel Single‐Ion Supramolecular Hydrogel Enabled by Photoresponsive Host–Guest Molecular Recognition

et al. 2019

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because it can afford remote and precise control over the properties of hydrogels. [5] In recent years, a series of photo responsive hydrogel-based functional materials have been developed that show a number of emerging features, such as fluorescent, mechanical, and adhesive properties. [6][7][8][9][10] However, changing the conductivity of hydrogels by illuminationmediated ionic migration represents a promising yet challenging photoconductive property [11][12][13][14][15][16] that could be applied in many fields, including photo detectors, [17] the simulation of biophotoelectric signals, [18] and light control circuits. [19] Because of the difficulty of modulating the free movement of ions, it seems impossible to achieve photo controlled ionic conductivity in hydrogels by using a chemical strategy. In a few research studies, [20][21][22][23] the photo conductivity of hydrogels was realized through the introduction of traditional photo conductive electronic materials into the systems via a physical approach. For example, Zhu and co-workers successfully fabricated a 3D hydrogel network of titanium dioxide (TiO 2 )-graphene using a simple one-pot method; this network exhibited enriched adsorption-photoelectro catalytic degradation of low-concentration bisphenol A. [21] Ray and co-workers A novel ion-conducting supramolecular hydrogel with reversible photoconductive properties in which the azobenzene motif, α-cyclodextrin (α-CD), and ionic liquid are grafted onto the gel matrix is reported. Hostguest interactions with different association constants between α-CD and azobenzene or the anionic part of the ionic liquid can be readily tuned by photoinduced trans-cis isomerization of the azobenzene unit. When irradiated by 365 nm light, α-CD prefers to form a complex with the anionic part of the ionic liquid, resulting in decreased ionic mobility and thus high resistance of the hydrogel. However, under 420 nm light irradiation, a more stable complex is again formed between α-CD and trans-azobenzene, thereby releasing the bound anions to regenerate the low-resistive hydrogel. As such, remote control of the ionic conductivity of the hydrogel is realized by simple host-guest chemistry. With the incorporation of a logic gate, this hydrogel is able to reversibly switch an electric circuit on and off by light irradiation with certain wavelengths. The concept of photoswitchable ionic conductivity of a hydrogel mediated by competitive molecular recognition is potentially promising toward the fabrication of optoelectronic devices and applications in bioelectronic technology. HydrogelsThe ORCID identification number(s) for the author(s) of this article can be found under https://doi.Photoresponsive hydrogels have attracted broad interest as functional materials to enable drug delivery systems, [1] cell culture substrates, [2] permeable membranes, [3] and microactuators. [4] Compared with other stimuli-responsive mechanisms, light irradiation has particular advantages and promising applications

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reversible Ion‐Conducting Switch in a Novel Single‐Ion Supramolecular Hydrogel Enabled by Photoresponsive Host–Guest Molecular Recognition

et al. 2019

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“…Mask-free and non-UV based polymerization and prototyping of high-aspect-ratio 3D hydrogel microstructures, such as poly (ethylene glycol) (PEG)-diacrylate (PEGDA), was demonstrated in an OEK chip [80][81][82][83][84][85].…”

Section: Fabrication and Assembly Of Hydrogel-based Micro/nanostructuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Parallel micro/nanostructures were flexibly patterned onto the chip using optical images. Furthermore, by projecting a series of customdesigned and dynamic optical patterns that served as digital masks, 3D microstructures were fabricated rapidly in a layer-by-layer manner, with their thickness varying from tens of nanometers to hundreds of micrometers [81]. Figure 14.…”

Section: Fabrication and Assembly Of Hydrogel-based Micro/nanostructuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Nevertheless, the fabrication process is complicated and involves high costs. By dynamically projecting a series of optical patterns, a layer-by-layer approach was built to create 3D microstructures in a mask-free manner [81,84]. However, these incident light patterns are only suitable for fabricating hydrogel microstructures and are insufficient for manipulating nanoparticles and assembling nanowires into functional devices.…”

Section: Conclusion and Prospectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Review on Optoelectrokinetics-Based Manipulation and Fabrication of Micro/Nanomaterials

et al. 2020

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Optoelectrokinetics (OEK), a fusion of optics, electrokinetics, and microfluidics, has been demonstrated to offer a series of extraordinary advantages in the manipulation and fabrication of micro/nanomaterials, such as requiring no mask, programmability, flexibility, and rapidness. In this paper, we summarize a variety of differently structured OEK chips, followed by a discussion on how they are fabricated and the ways in which they work. We also review how three differently sized polystyrene beads can be separated simultaneously, how a variety of nanoparticles can be assembled, and how micro/nanomaterials can be fabricated into functional devices. Another focus of our paper is on mask-free fabrication and assembly of hydrogel-based micro/nanostructures and its possible applications in biological fields. We provide a summary of the current challenges facing the OEK technique and its future prospects at the end of this paper.

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“…Based on an ODEP chip and system, manipulation and deposition based on other mechanisms such as optically-induced AC electro-osmosis (ACEO), opticallyinduced AC electro-thermal (ACET) flow have been previously discussed [27][28][29]. Recently, we found that the OED process could also be performed and controlled in the ODEP chip, and its applications in patterning hydrogels and other devices have been demonstrated in our previous reports [30,31]. The mechanism of the positive ODEP force and the ACEO force also have the ability to assemble structures by attracting nanomaterials around the optical patterns to form micro structures with specific shapes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Single-step fabrication of electrodes with controlled nanostructured surface roughness using optically-induced electrodeposition

Liu

et al. 2018

J. Micromech. Microeng.

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The customized fabrication of microelectrodes from gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) has attracted much attention due to their numerous applications in chemistry and biomedical engineering, such as for surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) and as catalyst sites for electrochemistry. Herein, we present a novel optically-induced electrodeposition (OED) method for rapidly fabricating gold electrodes which are also surface-modified with nanoparticles in one single step. The electrodeposition mechanism, with respect to the applied AC voltage signal and the elapsed deposition time, on the resulting morphology and particle sizes was investigated. The results from SEM and AFM analysis demonstrated that 80-200 nm gold particles can be formed on the surface of the gold electrodes. Simultaneously, both the size of the nanoparticles and the roughness of the fabricated electrodes can be regulated by the deposition time. Compared to state-of-the-art methods for fabricating microelectrodes with AuNPs, such as nano-seed-mediated growth and conventional electrodeposition, this OED technique has several advantages including: (1) electrode fabrication and surface modification using nanoparticles are completed in a single step, eliminating the need for prefabricating micro electrodes; (2) the patterning of electrodes is defined using a digitally-customized, projected optical image rather than using fixed physical masks; and (3) both the fabrication and surface modification processes are rapid, and the entire fabrication process only requires less than 6 s.

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3-D Non-UV Digital Printing of Hydrogel Microstructures by Optically Controlled Digital Electropolymerization

Cited by 19 publications

References 39 publications

Reversible Ion‐Conducting Switch in a Novel Single‐Ion Supramolecular Hydrogel Enabled by Photoresponsive Host–Guest Molecular Recognition

Reversible Ion‐Conducting Switch in a Novel Single‐Ion Supramolecular Hydrogel Enabled by Photoresponsive Host–Guest Molecular Recognition

A Review on Optoelectrokinetics-Based Manipulation and Fabrication of Micro/Nanomaterials

Single-step fabrication of electrodes with controlled nanostructured surface roughness using optically-induced electrodeposition

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