3-D Metamaterials: Trends on Applied Designs, Computational Methods and Fabrication Techniques

Abstract

Metamaterials are artificially engineered devices that go beyond the properties of conventional materials in nature. Metamaterials allow for the creation of negative refractive indexes; light trapping with epsilon-near-zero compounds; bandgap selection; superconductivity phenomena; non-Hermitian responses; and more generally, manipulation of the propagation of electromagnetic and acoustic waves. In the past, low computational resources and the lack of proper manufacturing techniques have limited attention towards 1-D and 2-D metamaterials. However, the true potential of metamaterials is ultimately reached in 3-D configurations, when the degrees of freedom associated with the propagating direction are fully exploited in design. This is expected to lead to a new era in the field of metamaterials, from which future high-speed and low-latency communication networks can benefit. Here, a comprehensive overview of the past, present, and future trends related to 3-D metamaterial devices is presented, focusing on efficient computational methods, innovative designs, and functional manufacturing techniques.

Applications of electromagnetic metamaterials in reducing the size of antennas

“…From the graph, it is evident that the variation in parameters is not significant. In practical engineering, a layered gradual material parameter method can be employed for fabrication [15].…”

Research on the performance improvement of MCR-WPT by hyperscatterers

“…Nikola first introduced the concept of wireless power transfer (WPT) in the late 19th century [1]. Currently, WPT technology is used in transportation, medical and electronic products [2].…”