3. Crop Pollination in Greenhouses

Guerra-Sanz, J. M.

doi:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195316957.003.0003

Cited by 16 publications

(14 citation statements)

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“…An important factor to consider about the performance of the bees within greenhouses is the type of material used to cover these structures. The greenhouses that we used, similar to most used throughout the world, are covered with polyethylene plastic, which blocks ultraviolet light (Diaz & Fereres, 2007), which is important for bee navigation (Edrich et al, 1979;Guerra-Sanz, 2008). The efficiency of the bees in the greenhouse can be negatively affected by a lack of or low intensity of ultraviolet light (Dag & Eisikowitch, 1995).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Stingless bees, Meliponini, have a more restricted distribution, and when they are introduced into a greenhouse environment, they need to adapt to foraging in a restricted area; also, they do not invariably visit the flowers that need pollination when under confinement (Bomfim et al, 2014). Given the current knowledge about honey bee management and the facility in finding beekeepers who have colonies available for pollination services practically throughout the world, honey bees have the potential to become an optimal solution for pollinating crops in greenhouses, if techniques can be improved to adapt these bees to foraging in closed environments (Katayama, 1987;Guerra-Sanz, 2008).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Improved Pollination Efficiency and Reduced Honey Bee Colony Decline in Greenhouses by Allowing Access to the Outside During Part of the Day

Nicodemo¹,

Malheiros²,

Jong³

et al. 2018

Sociobiology

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Although honey bees are efficient pollinators of many crops cultivated in greenhouses, it is difficult to maintain colony strength and consequently pollination efficiency. Many bees die under greenhouse conditions and the colonies rapidly weaken. We examined the effect of adaptations to the hive entrance that allowed control of whether and when bees had access to the outside environment to see how it would affect pollination efficiency and colony condition in greenhouses with flowering cucumber (Cucumis sativus) plants in comparison with colonies that remained constantly inside the greenhouse, previously left in a dark environment or not. We recorded the type and period of visitation to the cucumber flowers, numbers of honey bees entering and leaving the two entrance hives and the effect of this type of management on the quantity of brood and food. Fiveframe Langstroth “nucleus” colonies were equipped with two 30 square centimeter entrances and two 3.0 cm diameter circular openings. Allowing the bees to make visits outside the greenhouse in early morning with redirection of bees into the greenhouse at 8.30 a.m. did not reduce visitation to cucumber flowers in the greenhouse. Maintaining colonies in the greenhouse reduced brood area and food stores. These losses were significantly reduced in colonies that had access outside the greenhouse during the early morning. Another advantage of alternating access to the inside and the outside of the greenhouse was that there was less possibility of interactions between bees and people working on the crop, and also pesticides application could be made without directly affecting foraging bees.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Improved Pollination Efficiency and Reduced Honey Bee Colony Decline in Greenhouses by Allowing Access to the Outside During Part of the Day

Nicodemo¹,

Malheiros²,

Jong³

et al. 2018

Sociobiology

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“…According to several researches (Free, 1993;Malagodi-Braga, 2002;Cruz et al, 2004), Apis mellifera L. and stingless bee foragers usually become disorientated, attempt to escape and eventually collide against the greenhouse covering in the early days after being introduced into this enclosed environment. In comparison, species belonging to the genus Bombus do not become disorientated and begin pollination services as soon as they are introduced into a protected greenhouse environment, rarely colliding against the greenhouse covering (Fisher & Pomeroy, 1989;Guerra Sanz, 2008).…”

Section: Adaptive Behavior To the Protected Environmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adaptive and Foraging Behavior of Two Stingless Bee Species in Greenhouse Mini Watermelon Pollination

Bomfim¹,

Bezerra²,

Nunes³

et al. 2015

Sociobiology

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The growth of protected cultivation in world agriculture has led to crops traditionally cultivated in open field to be grown in protected environments, but this condition creates a physical barrier which prevents the access of natural pollinators to flowers (Guerra Sanz, 2008). Hand pollinating the flowers in a protected environment, as well as the application of hormones to induce fruit production, is laborious and increases production costs (Cruz & Campos, 2009). Thus, a more economical alternative would be the introduction of native pollinators that are able to adapt to the conditions of closed environments and to meet the pollination requirements of crops under these conditions (Banda & Paxton, 1991; Cruz & Campos, 2009). The most promising pollinator in Brazil seems to be the stingless bees (subtribe Meliponina), since they occur

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“…Spain, Turkey, Italy, France, Greece and Israel are some of the leading countries in producing greenhouse-grown vegetables. Total greenhouse acreage in the world is estimated to be over 700,000 ha (Guerra-Sanz 2008 ).…”

Section: Greenhouse-grown Cropsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Over 95 % of the sales of bumblebee colonies for pollination services are for greenhouse tomatoes. Over 900,000 bumblebee colonies were sold in Eurasia and 55,000 in North America in 2004(Guerra-Sanz 2008Vergera 2008 ). Only 7-15 colonies are needed per hectare to pollinate greenhousegrown tomatoes (Velthuis and van Doorn 2006 ).…”

Section: Greenhouse-grown Cropsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Management of Pollination Services to Enhance Crop Productivity

Shivanna

2015

Plant Biology and Biotechnology

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Pollination is a prerequisite for fruit and seed set. As fruits and/or seeds are the economic products of most of our crop species, pollination plays a vital role in realizing optimal yield. Except cereals which are wind pollinated, most of our crop species are pollinated by animals, largely insects. Historically pollination of crop plants was dependent on wild native pollinators present on and around the crop fi elds. Due to a number of reasons, particularly habitat degradation and monoculture cropping system, wild pollinators have not been able to provide adequate pollination services to crop plants. Various approaches are now available to sustain pollination in crop species. The most effective approach is to use managed pollinators; they are being used routinely in developed countries for over 15 major crops and has developed into a well-organized industry. Managed pollinators include honeybees, particularly Apis mellifera , bumblebees and recently a few solitary bees such as species of Osmia , Nomia and Megachile . Greenhouse-grown tomatoes are pollinated exclusively by managed bumblebees. Techniques have also been developed to carry out supplementary pollinations through pollen sprays to overcome pollination constraints in self-incompatible species and also during inclement weather conditions under which bee activity gets reduced. Hand pollination is also followed for production of hybrid seeds in some vegetable crops. Recent trend has been towards integrated use of managed pollinators along with wild pollinators by maintaining pollinator-friendly habitats and agricultural practices. The technology of using managed pollinators to overcome pollination constraints is yet to be exploited in developing countries,

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3. Crop Pollination in Greenhouses

Cited by 16 publications

References 0 publications

Improved Pollination Efficiency and Reduced Honey Bee Colony Decline in Greenhouses by Allowing Access to the Outside During Part of the Day

Improved Pollination Efficiency and Reduced Honey Bee Colony Decline in Greenhouses by Allowing Access to the Outside During Part of the Day

Adaptive and Foraging Behavior of Two Stingless Bee Species in Greenhouse Mini Watermelon Pollination

Management of Pollination Services to Enhance Crop Productivity

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