3. A History of Russian and Soviet Censuses

Schwartz, Lee; Clem, Ralph S.

doi:10.7591/9781501707087-006

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…5 A draft census that would cover the entire territory of the Empire 6 (Clem, 2016) had already been discussed at the 1st All-Russian Congress of Statisticians (1870), and then again in 1876 at the 8th Session of the International Statistical Congress. In February 1877, the draft regulations of the census developed by a commission at the Ministry of Finance were submitted to the State Council, yet due to some dignitaries' opposition and a tense political situation (caused by the war with Turkey in the years 1877-1878), the plans were not implemented at that time (Nietyksza, 1971;Schwartz, 1986). 7 The main initiators of the census and its long-standing promoters were Pëtr Petrovič Semënov-Tân-Šanskij, geographer and statistician, Chief of the Central Statistical Bureau in the years 1864-1875, and his close associate, Nikolaj Aleksandrovič Trojnickij, Chairman of the Council for Statistics at the Russian Ministry of the Interior (Edlund, 1999).…”

Section: The Origin and Technical Organisation Of The Censusmentioning

confidence: 99%

The 1897 Census in the Kingdom of Poland

Rachwał

2022

Wiadomości Statystyczne. The Polish Statistician

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The aim of the article is to present the issues relating to the organisation, conduct and processing of the results of the first population census in the Kingdom of Poland in 1897 in a concise way. Although the text focuses on the lands of the Kingdom of Poland which were under the Russian rule the aforementioned issues have been discussed in a broader context of the activity of the central institutions in St. Petersburg. Polish historiography addresses these matters only to a limited extent and very few authors have dealt primarily with the notion of the completeness of census data. The provincial authorities and the Warsaw Statistical Committee played a major role in the preparation and conduct of the census in the Kingdom of Poland. It should be emphasised, however, that the greatest effort related to data collection rested with the lowest-level local government. At the stage of the central preparation of the census results, modern technologies, i.e. Hollerith’s calculating machines, were used. The data that was collected on forms containing 14 questions were coded on special perforated cards, which significantly improved the performance of the relevant calculations. The level at which the census was carried out and its final outcome are assessed relatively high. On the other hand, there are certain reservations as to the credibility of the census results relating to the Kingdom of Poland, the most serious of which concern the reporting of the age, the professional structure, as well as the religion and mother tongue of the respondents.

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Section: The Origin and Technical Organisation Of The Censusmentioning

confidence: 99%

The 1897 Census in the Kingdom of Poland

Rachwał

2022

Wiadomości Statystyczne. The Polish Statistician

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“…First, the mortality series are of very different lengths. While some countries in northern and western Europe (e.g., Denmark or France) have very long series dating back even before 1900, a common start year for data from countries in eastern Europe is 1959, the year of the first Soviet Census after World War II [Schwartz, 1986]. Some of the shorter series (e.g., Croatia or Ireland) are related to countries becoming independent or in the case of Germany, reunified.…”

Section: Introduction and Running Examplementioning

confidence: 99%

A stratified age-period-cohort model for spatial heterogeneity in all-cause mortality

Smith

2018

Preprint

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A common goal in modeling demographic rates is to compare two or more groups. For example comparing mortality rates between men and women or between geographic regions may reveal health inequalities. A popular class of models for all-cause mortality as well as incidence of specific diseases like cancer is the age-period-cohort (APC) model. Extending this model to the multivariate setting is not straightforward because the univariate APC model suffers from well-known identifiability problems. Often APC models are fit separately for each strata, and then comparisons are made post hoc. This paper introduces a stratified APC model to directly assess the sources of heterogeneity in mortality rates using a Bayesian hierarchical model with matrix-normal priors that share information on linear and nonlinear aspects of the APC effects across strata. Computing, model selection, and prior specification are addressed and the model is then applied to all-cause mortality data from the European Union.

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Spis powszechny ludności w Królestwie Polskim w 1897 roku

Rachwał

2021

Studia Archiwalne

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Celem artykułu jest przedstawienie, w zwięzły sposób, zagadnień związanych z organizacją, przebiegiem i opracowaniem wyników pierwszego spisu powszechnego ludności w Królestwie Polskim. Choć uwagę skupiono na ziemiach Królestwa Polskiego, znajdującego się wówczas pod panowaniem rosyjskim, to prezentowaną problematykę starano się omówić w szerszym aspekcie działalności władz centralnych w Petersburgu. W dorobku polskiej historiografii zagadnienia te poruszano jedynie w ograniczonym zakresie, a nieliczni autorzy zajmowali się przede wszystkim oceną kompletności danych spisowych. The General Census in the Kingdom of Poland in 1897 The goal of the paper was to discuss the general census of 1897 in the Kingdom of Poland. The study describes its origin, the course of data collection and treatment of results, including decisions taken at the central level. The idea of a general census that would cover the territory of the whole Russian Empire with the area of ca. 22 million km² was discussed already in the 1860s and 70s. Eventually, the plan was executed in 1897. In the case of the Kingdom do Poland, which was formally one of the provinces of the Russian state, an active role in preparing the census was played by the authorities of individual guberniyas (governorates) as well as by the Warsaw Statistical Committee. The duty to collect data lay with the administrative authorities at the lowest level, who were responsible, inter alia, for recruiting census representatives. The basic census form consisted of 14 questions. The main reservations about the reliability of the collected data concern the questions about the job position and age, and in the case of the data from the Kingdom of Poland, the falsification of results with regard to respondents’ religion and native language being also pointed out. When using the demographic data of the 1897 census, one should remember the abovementioned oversights or even errors that occurred both at the stage of collection and processing and subsequently the publication of statistical data. A critical research approach to the collected sources permits, however, an effective use of the abundance of the then collected information.

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3. A History of Russian and Soviet Censuses

Cited by 3 publications

References 0 publications

The 1897 Census in the Kingdom of Poland

The 1897 Census in the Kingdom of Poland

A stratified age-period-cohort model for spatial heterogeneity in all-cause mortality

Spis powszechny ludności w Królestwie Polskim w 1897 roku

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