3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetaldehyde and hydrogen peroxide generate a hydroxyl radical: possible role in Parkinson’s disease pathogenesis

Neurotoxicity and Metabolism of the Catecholamine-Derived 3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetaldehyde and 3,4-Dihydroxyphenylglycolaldehyde: The Role of Aldehyde Dehydrogenase

“…As mentioned, both DOPAL and DOPEGAL have been suggested to initiate apoptosis through Ca 2ϩ -mediated processes (Burke et al, 1998;Kristal et al, 2001) and to generated free radical species (Burke et al, 1998;Li et al, 2001). The specific vulnerability of SNpc neurons coupled with these mechanisms could also lead to enhanced cytotoxicity.…”

“…The specific vulnerability and death of these neurons have been hypothesized to involve toxic catecholamine metabolites or compounds that are selectively produced by, or accumulated in, catecholamine neurons such as DOPAL and DOPEGAL Burke et al, 2004). Indeed, there is an increasing body of evidence demonstrating the neurotoxic properties of the catecholamine-derived aldehydes DOPAL and DOPEGAL by various cytotoxic mechanisms including the generation of free radicals and initiation of apoptosis (Burke et al, 1998;Li et al, 2001). Along those lines, it has been suggested that DOPAL and DOPEGAL represent endogenous neurotoxins that may play a significant role in cell death associated with neurodegenerative diseases (Kristal et al, 2001;Eisenhofer et al, 2004).…”

Catecholamine Metabolism: A Contemporary View with Implications for Physiology and Medicine

“…6). DOPAL, the deaminated aldehyde metabolite of dopamine, and DOPEGAL, the corresponding metabolite of norepinephrine and epinephrine, are highly toxic in cell CATECHOLAMINE METABOLISM culture systems (Mattammal et al, 1995;Burke et al, 1996;Lamensdorf et al, 2000b;Li et al, 2001), and in vivo in experimental animals . Since most of the monoamine transmitter produced in catecholaminergic nerves is deaminated within the neuronal cytoplasm, the intraneuronal production of DOPAL and DOPEGAL has considerable potential for a significant role in neurodegenerative processes affecting central and peripheral catecholamine neuronal systems.…”

Iron, Aging, and Neurodegeneration

“…One of the metabolic products of dopamine 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetaldehyde (DOPAL) can induce aggregation of α-synuclein in the presence of iron [104]. DOPAL can also generate reactive oxygen species in the presence of iron [105].…”