3.2-MP Back-Illuminated Polarization Image Sensor With Four-Directional Air-Gap Wire Grid and 2.5-&lt;inline-formula&gt; 
                     &lt;tex-math notation="LaTeX"&gt;$\mu$ &lt;/tex-math&gt;
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Maruyama, Yasushi; Terada, Takashi; Yamazaki, Toshiaki; Uesaka, Yusuke; Nakamura, Motoaki; Matoba, Yoshihisa; Komori, Kenta; Ohba, Yoshihiro; Arakawa, Shin’ichi; Hirasawa, Yasutaka; Kondo, Yuhi; Matsubayashi, Jun; Akiyama, Kentaro; Oike, Yusuke; Sato, Shuzo; Ezaki, Takayuki

doi:10.1109/ted.2018.2829190

Cited by 77 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…4 More recently, attempts have been made to manufacture the sensor and polarization filters together as part of an integrated process to minimize cross talk and improve alignment. 8 From a user's standpoint, reduced cross talk here will appear as an increase in the diattenuation value of the individual pixels.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Calibration and performance assessment of microgrid polarization cameras

2019

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We provide a method for calibrating microgrid polarization cameras that is simpler and easier to set up than existing methods. Applying this method to three different commercially available cameras, we compare the mean values and variances in their diattenuation and orientation properties. We derive formulas giving the accuracy with which the pixel polarization properties can be calibrated in both the Gaussian and Poisson noise regimes and demonstrate the statistical instability of the extinction ratio as a parameter. In a series of calibration measurements, we estimate the pixel-to-pixel variation of polarization properties and show how to separate the effects of temporal noise from manufacturing variation.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…• Vol. 58(8) Hagen, Shibata, and Otani: Calibration and performance assessment of microgrid polarization cameras ð1 − DÞ −1 . If we write the signal-to-noise ratio for the estimate of the extinction coefficient, we obtain…”

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confidence: 99%

Calibration and performance assessment of microgrid polarization cameras

2019

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“…That is, trigger OUT was enabled on the first camera, while the remaining three were enabled with trigger IN, such that synchronized imaging using multiple cameras was enabled. Compared with other polarization imaging systems, such as a focal-plane polarization imaging system [11], micropolarizer arrays polarization imaging system [12], and so on [13][14][15][16], the proposed system has the advantages of low cost and simple imaging system. This system can obtain the polarization images without losing the light energy.…”

Section: Design Of Real-time Optical Sensing and Detection Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Real-Time Vision through Haze Based on Polarization Imaging

Wang

Ouyang

et al. 2019

Applied Sciences

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Various gases and aerosols in bad weather conditions can cause severe image degradation, which will seriously affect the detection efficiency of optical monitoring stations for high pollutant discharge systems. Thus, penetrating various gases and aerosols to sense and detect the discharge of pollutants plays an important role in the pollutant emission detection system. Against this backdrop, we recommend a real-time optical monitoring system based on the Stokes vectors through analyzing the scattering characteristics and polarization characteristics of both gases and aerosols in the atmosphere. This system is immune to the effects of various gases and aerosols on the target to be detected and achieves the purpose of real-time sensing and detection of high pollutant discharge systems under bad weather conditions. The imaging system is composed of four polarizers with different polarization directions integrated into independent cameras aligned parallel to the optical axis in order to acquire the Stokes vectors from various polarized azimuth images. Our results show that this approach achieves high-contrast and high-definition images in real time without the loss of spatial resolution in comparison with the performance of conventional imaging techniques.

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“…13,14 In our previous paper, 15 we quantified the phase distribution in real time for a DIC microscope using a polarization camera-a camera for which a micropolarizer array has been attached to the detector array. [16][17][18] A polarization camera can detect the intensity at four polarization orientation angles (0 deg, 45 deg, 90 deg, and 135 deg) in a snapshot, so that detection speeds are limited only by the frame rate of the detector. We previously used only two intensities detected using the pixels oriented at 45 deg and 135 deg of the micropolarizer array.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Minimizing scattering-induced phase errors in differential interference contrast microscopy

et al. 2020

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. Significance: Differential interference contrast (DIC) microscopes allow noninvasive in vivo observation of transparent microstructures in tissue without the use of fluorescent dyes or genetic modification. We show how to modify a DIC microscope to measure the sample phase distribution accurately and in real-time even deep inside sample tissue. Aim: Our aim is to improve the DIC microscope’s phase measurement to remove the phase bias that occurs in the presence of strong scattering. Approach: A quarter-wave plate was added in front of the polarization camera, allowing a modified phase calculation to incorporate all four polarization orientation angles (0 deg, 45 deg, 90 deg, and 135 deg) captured simultaneously by the polarization camera, followed by deconvolution. Results: We confirm that the proposed method reduces phase measurement error in the presence of scattering and demonstrate the method using in vivo imaging of a beating heart inside a medaka egg and the whole-body blood circulation in a young medaka fish. Conclusions: Modifying a polarization-camera DIC microscope with a quarter-wave plate allows users to image deep inside samples without phase bias due to scattering effects.

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3.2-MP Back-Illuminated Polarization Image Sensor With Four-Directional Air-Gap Wire Grid and 2.5-<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mu$ </tex-math> </inline-formula>m Pixels

Cited by 77 publications

References 19 publications

Calibration and performance assessment of microgrid polarization cameras

Calibration and performance assessment of microgrid polarization cameras

Real-Time Vision through Haze Based on Polarization Imaging

Minimizing scattering-induced phase errors in differential interference contrast microscopy

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