3.2 Inactive Matrix Gla Protein Is Causally Related to Health Outcomes: A Mendelian Randomization Study in a Flemish Population

Abstract

Conclusions: Significant Bra-Rad-SBP Amp exists during light-moderate exercise. This will result in underestimation of central SBP unless Bra-Rad-SBP Amp is considered and is influenced by variation in peak blood flow velocity magnitude between the brachial and radial arteries.Abstracts 125

Warfarin‐induced vitamin K deficiency affects spermatogenesis in Sprague‐Dawley rats

“…However, it was shown that in 40% of the general population, cardiovascular morbidity and mortality are increased by poor vitamin K status (Liu et al, 2014). However, it was shown that in 40% of the general population, cardiovascular morbidity and mortality are increased by poor vitamin K status (Liu et al, 2014).…”

Outcome of a public consultation on the Draft Scientific Opinion of the EFSA Panel on Dietetic Products, Nutrition and Allergies (NDA) on Dietary Reference Values for vitamin K

“…It is only to be expected that intake of menaquinones are low. Figure 1 shows a representative number of healthy individuals (> 185 000) from several countries.Of the 27 different studies included 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27 ; thirteen studies (48%) have estimated both vitamin K1 and vitamin K2 intake. We have Publications from Asia-and especially from Japan-showed that natto consumption was the dietary factor that had the strongest association to reduced hip-fracture risk 29 reported that the MK-7 content in 19 different natto products ranged from 780-to 2100 µg/100g.…”

“…It was explained that the underlying reason for an association of mainly menaquinone intake on the risk of a number of diseases in the healthy population (see comments [22][23][24] is the better transport of the medium and long-chain MK-n to the extrahepatic tissues via low density lipoproteins.…”

“…In two studies the association between poor vitamin K status and disease was found to be causal [23,30].…”

“…Examples are osteoporotic fracture risk [4][5][6][7], cancer risk [8,9] and risk for the development of cardiovascular disease [10][11][12][13][14], chronic kidney disease [15] and metabolic syndrome [16] Also uncarboxylated Gla-proteins used as a biomarker for extrahepatic vitamin K status have shown the inverse association between vitamin K status and osteoporotic fracture risk [1720], cardiovascular disease risk [21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28], kidney function [15,29,30] and the development of metabolic syndrome [16]. In two studies poor vitamin K intake or status was found to represent an all-cause mortality risk comparable to that of tobacco smoking [13,23].…”