2PA and 3PA induced broadband limiting of Cr3+ doped BaB2O4 nanostructures

Composition engineering of AZO films for controlled photon–electron conversion and ultrafast nonlinear optical behavior

“…The above two processes have been applied to the fields of mode-locked lasers and laser protection with excellent optical limiting performance, respectively. [17][18][19][20][21][22] The above nonlinear absorption mechanisms can also be dominated by the absorption cross-section-when the excited state absorption cross-section is smaller (or larger) than the ground state absorption cross-section, the sample will exhibit SA behavior (or RSA behavior). [23][24][25][26] In addition, the responsivity and modulation depth of nonlinear photonic devices are affected by the lifetime of carriers at virtual levels.…”