2D Rhenium Dichalcogenides: From Fundamental Properties to Recent Advances in Photodetector Technology

Abstract

PbS, HgCdTe, etc. [4] These materials are currently dominating the industry due to their mature technology readiness level. The high stiffness of these materials in bulk crystal or epitaxial layer form has prompted interest on low-dimensional materials for flexible photodetectors, an emerging prospective toward wearable electronics. [5,6] In order to meet with the speediness at which the present electronics industry is evolving, photodetectors featuring diverse functionalities with excellent figures of merits (high photo gain, ultrafast photoresponse, broad spectral selectivity) and facile integration with existing universal platforms like complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) and silicon photonics, are highly desired. [7][8][9] Given the atomically thin nature, strong light-matter coupling, ultrafast carrier dynamics, flexibility, dangling bond free surface, and effective property manipulation by artificial stacking of different layered materials one over the other (called vdW stacking) without the restraints of lattice matching, 2D materials stand out as promising candidates for high performance photodetectors. During the past one decade, several 2D materials have witnessed a remarkable journey in this arena and have been the topic of several review articles. [10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19] The nearly constant light absorption in the entire electromagnetic spectrum witnessed in graphene due to gapless energy-momentum dispersion has permitted realization of first 2D material based photodetectors operating over a broad spectral range from UV to terahertz limit. [20][21][22][23] Furthermore, the high carrier mobility and associated ultrafast carrier dynamics in graphene enabled extremely fast photodetection, [24] which has been found beneficial to process images faster than existing photodetectors. [25,26] Meanwhile, layered transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs), represented generically as MX 2 , where M is a transition metal element of groups 4-10 and X is a chalcogen atom (S, Se, Te), have become more popular due to their exotic electronic and optical properties. [27][28][29][30] In contrast to graphene, most sulfides-and selenides-based Group VI and Group VII TMDs (MoS 2 , WS 2 , ReS 2 , MoSe 2 , WSe 2 , ReSe 2 ) have a band gap covering the visible-near infrared spectral range. [31,32] For instance, the most extensively studied Group VI TMDs such as MoS 2 and WS 2 at monolayer thickness limit are direct bandgap

Polarization-Sensitive Self-Powered Schottky Photodetector with High Photovoltaic Performance Induced by Geometry-Asymmetric Contacts

“…Eighteen Raman vibration peaks for ReSe 2 can be classified into three categories. − The peaks located at 104.3, 117.1, 118.4, and 284.1 cm –1 belong to the out-of-plane A g -like mode, while the other Raman peaks that appear at 124.8, 161.7, 173.2, and 190.9 cm –1 belong to the in-plane E g mode. The C p (coupled in-plane and out-of-plane) vibration modes correspond to the peaks at 180.8, 217.5, 231.4, 246.5, and 260.3 cm –1 . − Furthermore, most vibration modes appearing below 200 cm –1 are mainly responsible for the low lattice symmetry and the heavier Re involved in the lattice structure …”

Multiflower-like ReS2/NiAl-LDH Heterojunction for Visible-Light-Driven Photocatalytic CO2 Reduction

“…Similarly, innovative NiAl-LDH/g-C 3 N 4 heterojunctions, supported by graphene aerogel frameworks, have significantly reduced carrier transfer distances and increased the availability of active sites and interfaces for photocatalytic CO 2 reduction . Transition metal chalcogenides (TMDCs) have been recognized for their effectiveness in composite photocatalysts for CO 2 reduction. − Among them, ReS 2 stands out with its narrow, direct bandgap (1.5–1.6 eV), high quantum efficiency, and strong visible-light absorption, conducive to superior photocatalytic activity. − Its weak interlayer coupling yields an abundance of active sites and low interlayer diffusion barriers . These attributes make ReS 2 a promising candidate for photocatalysis or as a cocatalyst in CO 2 reduction. , Given the compatible energy band alignments and structural synergies, the exploration of ReS 2 /NiAl-LDH heterojunctions is a compelling direction for advancing stable and efficient photocatalytic CO 2 reduction.…”

Broadband Van‐der‐Waals Photodetector Driven by Ferroelectric Polarization

“…[25][26][27] However, most of the vdW photodetectors have exhibited poor detection capability in the IR range above 900-nm wavelength owing to the energy bandgaps of conventional vdW semiconductors greater than 1.2 eV. [11,[28][29][30] Researchers have proposed heterogeneous PN junctions, such as WSe 2 /MoS 2 , [31,32] MoTe 2 /MoS 2, [33,34] and ReSe 2 /ReS 2, [35,36] for the active region of vdW photodetectors to expand the light detection range to the IR region. This is possible because the built-in electric field between two different vdW materials enhances the separation of electrons and holes.…”