To measure flame temperatures in various complex and extreme environments, we propose a two-dimensional flame temperature measurement method based on infrared radiation. In the laboratory environment, the acetylene-oxygen premixed flame was generated by a simulated flame generation device, the two-dimensional infrared image of the flame was obtained by using a cooled infrared thermal imager, and the emissivity of the acetylene-oxygen flame was obtained by combining a colorimetric pyrometer, the atmospheric transmittance of the site is measured by using an atmospheric correction factor, a flame radiation decay transmission model was established, and the temperature calibration curve of the infrared thermal imager was combined to finally obtain two-dimensional flame temperature data. Through the temperature measurement uncertainty analysis, the temperature measurement error of the system is within 5%. The experimental results validate the feasibility of the method.