“2D or not 2D”: Shape-programming polymer sheets

Liu, Ying; Genzer, Jan; Dickey, Michael D.

doi:10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2015.09.001

Cited by 311 publications

(213 citation statements)

References 405 publications

(408 reference statements)

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“…[1][2][3] In numerous cases, functions of devices (e.g., biomedical) and structures (e.g., aerospace) are increasingly limited by the sophistication of accessible shapes. [4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12] Traditional processing techniques such as molding fail to meet the demands due to the difficulty and cost in creating complex molds and demolding. 3D printing has emerged as an attractive option given its unparalleled flexibility in producing complex shapes.…”

Section: Doi: 101002/adma201605390mentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultrafast Digital Printing toward 4D Shape Changing Materials

et al. 2016

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Ultrafast 4D printing (<30 s) of responsive polymers is reported. Visible-light-triggered polymerization of commercial monomers defines digitally stress distribution in a 2D polymer film. Releasing the stress after the printing converts the structure into 3D. An additional dimension can be incorporated by choosing the printing precursors. The process overcomes the speed limiting steps of typical 3D (4D) printing.

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Section: Doi: 101002/adma201605390mentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultrafast Digital Printing toward 4D Shape Changing Materials

et al. 2016

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“…Several other methods of light stimuli–responsive origami could be found in some recent reviews ( 22 , 23 ). The concept of our method is based on photopolymerization-induced volume shrinkage.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Origami by frontal photopolymerization

et al. 2017

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“…Complex shape transformation trajectories may be encoded in the material by patterning of the nematic director when the polymer is cross-linked (Liu et al, 2015). The director field is typically controlled by forming samples between flat substrates with a surface anchoring pattern (de Haan et al, 2014).…”

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confidence: 99%

Modeling Defects, Shape Evolution, and Programmed Auto-Origami in Liquid Crystal Elastomers

2016

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Liquid crystal elastomers represent a novel class of programmable shape-transforming materials whose shape-change trajectory is encoded in the material's nematic director field. Using three-dimensional non-linear finite element elastodynamics simulation, we model a variety of different actuation geometries and device designs: thin films containing topological defects, patterns that induce formation of folds and twists, and a bas-relief structure. The inclusion of finite bending energy in the simulation model reveals features of actuation trajectory that may be absent when bending energy is neglected. We examine geometries with a director pattern uniform through the film thickness encoding multiple regions of positive Gaussian curvature. Simulations indicate that heating such a system uniformly produces a disordered state with curved regions emerging randomly in both directions due to the film's up/down symmetry. In contrast, applying a thermal gradient by heating the material first on one side breaks up/down symmetry and results in a deterministic trajectory, producing a more ordered final shape. We demonstrate that a folding zone design containing cut-out areas accommodates transverse displacements without warping or buckling, and demonstrate that bas-relief and more complex bent/ twisted structures can be assembled by combining simple design motifs.

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“2D or not 2D”: Shape-programming polymer sheets

Cited by 311 publications

References 405 publications

Ultrafast Digital Printing toward 4D Shape Changing Materials

Ultrafast Digital Printing toward 4D Shape Changing Materials

Origami by frontal photopolymerization

Modeling Defects, Shape Evolution, and Programmed Auto-Origami in Liquid Crystal Elastomers

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