2D Hybrid Perovskite Ferroelectric Enables Highly Sensitive X‐Ray Detection with Low Driving Voltage

Ji, Chengmin; Wang, Sasa; Wang, Yaxing; Chen, Huaixi; Li, Lina; Sui, Yan; Wang, Shuao

doi:10.1002/adfm.201905529

Cited by 123 publications

(137 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…[ 1–3 ] Recently, metal halide perovskites and their derivatives have achieved great successes as direct X‐ray detectors. [ 4–8 ] The heavy atoms (Pb, Bi), good carrier transport and long carrier lifetime of the materials together contribute to the excellent detection performance. [ 4–6 ] Huang and co‐workers reported that MAPbBr 3 ‐based X‐ray detectors demonstrate high sensitivity of 21000 μC Gy air −1 cm −2 and low detection limit of 38 nGy air s −1 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Unveiling the Structural Descriptor of A₃B₂X₉ Perovskite Derivatives toward X‐Ray Detectors with Low Detection Limit and High Stability

Xia

Yuan

Niu

et al. 2020

Adv Funct Materials

164

216

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Metal halide perovskites and derivatives exhibit a high sensitivity and low detection limit as direct X‐ray detectors. Inorganic 2D bismuth halide perovskites are promising for X‐ray detections, but have not been reported. Moreover, the quantitative relationship between the structural dimensionality of A3B2X9 perovskites and their compositions has never been investigated, and the underlying mechanism is unclear. Here, the key structural descriptors for 2D A3B2X9 perovskite derivatives are reported: i) octahedral factor μ, 0.377 < μ < 0895; ii) tolerance factor t, 0.8 < t < 1.06; iii) (rA‐0.55)/t < 1.48 Å. Accordingly, a new 2D A3B2X9 perovskite derivative, Rb3Bi2I9, with high X‐ray attenuation coefficients is found. The assembled X‐ray detector exhibits a high μτ product of 2.51 × 10−3 cm2 V−1, good sensitivity for 159.7 μC Gyair−1 cm−2, and a record low detection limit of 8.32 nGyair s−1 among all direct and indirect perovskite X‐ray detectors. The device also exhibits good stability toward external bias and continuous gamma ray radiations (480 000 Gy). This work provides crystal structural insights to rationally design 2D perovskites for new types of radiation detectors.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[ 6 ] Besides, some newly derived ferroelectric perovskite and metal‐organic frameworks also exhibited good potential for X‐ray applications. [ 7,8 ]…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Unveiling the Structural Descriptor of A₃B₂X₉ Perovskite Derivatives toward X‐Ray Detectors with Low Detection Limit and High Stability

Xia

Yuan

Niu

et al. 2020

Adv Funct Materials

164

216

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“…Alternative materials based on double perovskites [12][13][14][15] and low-dimensional perovskites [15][16][17][18][19][20] are also being explored as they enrich the structural diversity and property repertoire of the perovskite framework. The 3D perovskite structure which forms by the corner-sharing motif of the MX 6 octahedra of Pb 2+ and Sn 2+ creates a favorable electronic band structure with very broad valence and conduction bands which facilitate photo-excited charge transport.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Three-Dimensional Lead Iodide Perovskitoid Hybrids with High X-ray Photoresponse

Képénékian

et al. 2020

J. Am. Chem. Soc.

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Large organic A cations cannot stabilize the 3D perovskite AMX 3 structure because they cannot be accommodated in the cubo-octhedral cage (do not follow the Goldschmidt tolerance factor rule), and they generally template low-dimensional structures. Here we report that the large di-cation aminomethylpyridinium (AMPY), can template novel 3D structures which resemble conventional perovskites. They have the formula (xAMPY)M 2 I 6 (x = 3 or 4, M = Sn 2+ or Pb 2+) which is doubled the AMX 3 formula. However, because of the steric requirement of the Goldschmidt tolerance factor rule, it is impossible for (xAMPY)M 2 I 6 to form proper perovskite structures. Instead, a combination of corner-sharing and edge-sharing connectivity is adopted in these compounds leading to the new 3D structures. DFT calculations reveal that the compounds are indirect-bandgap semiconductors with direct bandgaps presenting at slightly higher energies and dispersive electronic bands. The bandgaps of the Sn and Pb compounds are ~ 1.7 eV and 2.0 eV, respectively, which is slightly higher than the corresponding AMI 3 3D perovskites. The Raman spectra for the compounds are diffuse, with a broad rising central peak at very low frequencies around 0 cm-1 , a feature that is characteristic of dynamical lattices, highly anharmonic, and dissipative vibrations very similar to the 3D AMX 3 perovskites. Devices of (3AMPY)Pb 2 I 6 crystals exhibit clear photoresponse under ambient light without applied bias, reflecting a high carrier mobility (μ) and long carrier lifetime (τ). The devices also exhibit sizable X-ray generated photocurrent with a high μτ product of ~1.2×10-4 cm 2 /V and an X-ray sensitivity of 207 CGy-1 cm-2 .

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“…[ 33–39 ] Especially, they have high atomic number ( Z ) and high‐quality elements, such as Pb, Br, and I atoms. [ 40–45 ] Because the cross‐section of halide perovskite increases with the increase of ≈ Z 4 , which makes it to naturally have good ionizing radiation absorption ability. In addition, halide perovskites exhibit inherent high carrier mobility, long carrier lifetime, high stopping power, low detection limit, and polychromatic radioluminescence (RL), which make them possess the capability for radiation detection.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Halide Perovskite, a Potential Scintillator for X‐Ray Detection

et al. 2020

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the coincidence efficiency. This indicates that the solid angle controlled by the PET system and the efficiency of the intrinsic detector are greater. [11,12] More significantly, the Compton events in the pulse height spectrum are mainly caused by scattering in the scintillator. Therefore, these deficiencies can be avoided by lowering the threshold. However, the signal provided by Compton scattering quanta in adjacent crystals may be higher than the threshold, and thus may affect the position resolution and make it worse. In X-ray computed tomography (CT), the body is mainly irradiated continuously from multiple directions by fan-shaped X-rays, while attenuation profiles are recorded, and finally reconstructed from the cross-sectional view of the body. [13] This technology mainly uses complex scanning methods in the field of clinical practice. At present, the realized way of X-rays detector can be roughly divided into two types, direct and indirect. The former one directly absorbs incident X-rays, generates electronic signals through semiconductors or engenders chemical signals through thin films. [14-17] This method can directly convert X-rays into visible light without going through other processes. Therefore, an X-ray detector with a wide linear response range, fast pulse rise time, high-energy resolution, and spatial resolution can be obtained, which makes it copiously applied in X-ray detection. [18-21] However, X-ray detectors based on semiconductors face the challenges of high cost and low efficiency. In addition, although the film is cheap, it is difficult to apply in digital form, which may limit its further development. The latter one refers to the conversion of X-rays (in the highenergy radiation, in addition to X-rays, α, β, and γ rays are also included) into ultraviolet visible (UV) light through scintillators which can be further captured by optical devices. [22-24] It consists of a scintillator and an array photodiode (PD). In contrast, since the scintillator that converts X-rays indirectly is cheap, it is easier to implement in the industry than direct detectors, and has the characteristics of low cost and abundant options, stability, and flexible conversion rate. [25,26] At present, indirect X-ray detectors are widely used in ordinary flat panel X-ray detectors. Moreover, it can be flexibly combined with commercially mature sensor arrays (e.g., amorphous silicon PDs, thin film transistor arrays, photomultiplier tubes, complementary metal oxide semiconductors, silicon avalanche PDs, and X-ray imaging charge-coupled devices [CCD]), therefore, they have attracted more attention. Scintillator is a unique class of luminescent materials, which is extensively used in many fields such as nondestructive testing, medical imaging, space probes, etc. Compared with the disadvantages of traditional scintillator materials which have high cost, are fragile, have long response time and low spatial resolution disadvantages, metal halide perovskites are considered to be the most potential scintillator materials in ...

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2D Hybrid Perovskite Ferroelectric Enables Highly Sensitive X‐Ray Detection with Low Driving Voltage

Cited by 123 publications

References 42 publications

Unveiling the Structural Descriptor of A₃B₂X₉ Perovskite Derivatives toward X‐Ray Detectors with Low Detection Limit and High Stability

Unveiling the Structural Descriptor of A₃B₂X₉ Perovskite Derivatives toward X‐Ray Detectors with Low Detection Limit and High Stability

Three-Dimensional Lead Iodide Perovskitoid Hybrids with High X-ray Photoresponse

Halide Perovskite, a Potential Scintillator for X‐Ray Detection

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2D Hybrid Perovskite Ferroelectric Enables Highly Sensitive X‐Ray Detection with Low Driving Voltage

Cited by 123 publications

References 42 publications

Unveiling the Structural Descriptor of A3B2X9 Perovskite Derivatives toward X‐Ray Detectors with Low Detection Limit and High Stability

Unveiling the Structural Descriptor of A3B2X9 Perovskite Derivatives toward X‐Ray Detectors with Low Detection Limit and High Stability

Three-Dimensional Lead Iodide Perovskitoid Hybrids with High X-ray Photoresponse

Halide Perovskite, a Potential Scintillator for X‐Ray Detection

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Unveiling the Structural Descriptor of A₃B₂X₉ Perovskite Derivatives toward X‐Ray Detectors with Low Detection Limit and High Stability

Unveiling the Structural Descriptor of A₃B₂X₉ Perovskite Derivatives toward X‐Ray Detectors with Low Detection Limit and High Stability