2D electric-double-layer phototransistor for photoelectronic and spatiotemporal hybrid neuromorphic integration

Abstract

A novel photo-electronic hybrid-integrated synaptic device based on a 2D MoS2 phototransistor gated by the electric-double-layer biopolymer electrolyte (sodium alginate) is proposed.

Synergistic Improvement of Long‐Term Plasticity in Photonic Synapses Using Ferroelectric Polarization in Hafnia‐Based Oxide‐Semiconductor Transistors

“…Particularly, photonic synapse devices have received attention because they have several advantages compared to the electronic synapse devices, such as wide bandwidth, low crosstalk, and low power consumption characteristics 18–28. Therefore, researchers have attempted to mimic synaptic behaviors by utilizing optical stimulation and photonic synapse devices have been realized with various materials such as carbon nanotubes,29,30 oxide semiconductors,18,19,25,31,32 perovskite quantum dots,21,33 2D materials,23,24,27,28,34,35 and hybrid perovskites 20,26,36. These devices have demonstrated synaptic functions, such as short‐term plasticity (STP), paired‐pulse facilitation (PPF), long‐term plasticity (LTP), STP‐to‐LTP transition, and spike‐timing‐dependent plasticity by optical stimulation.…”

A Sub‐10 nm Vertical Organic/Inorganic Hybrid Transistor for Pain‐Perceptual and Sensitization‐Regulated Nociceptor Emulation

“…[33,34] This low resistivity value is due to a high carrier concentration, where the Fermi level (E f ) is located above the conduction level (E c ) as shown in Figure 2e(left). [39,40] A very large anticlockwise hysteresis window is observed in our vertical transistor due to mobile ions in the SA electrolyte. [33,35,36] When oxygen is injected during this process, the oxygen vacancy is occupied, thereby leading to a decrease in the carrier concentration and a downward shift in E f , as illustrated in Figure 2e(right).…”

“…In our previous work, the SA electrolyte films have been proposed as dielectrics for the formation of electric double layer (EDL) effect with a very high capacitance. [39,40] A very large anticlockwise hysteresis window is observed in our vertical transistor due to mobile ions in the SA electrolyte. [41,42] Here, leakage currents are measured with different areas of the drain electrode, as illustrated in Figure S11 (Supporting Information).…”

“…[33,35,36] When oxygen is injected during this process, the oxygen vacancy is occupied, thereby leading to a decrease in the carrier concentration and a downward shift in E f , as illustrated in Figure 2e(right). [40,42] In biological synapses, the process of information processing and signal delivery between neurons can be adjusted precisely by fluxes of ionic species, [39] which closely resembles the gating-modulated reversible process of ions migration. [37,38] www.advmat.de www.advancedsciencenews.com in ITO films without O 2 and with O 2 sputter environment can be extracted to be 57.26 and 55.29, respectively, which directly results in the decrease of carrier concentration in ITO channel.…”

“…It should be noted that the incubation time, defined as the time it takes to reach the threshold current, is significantly shortened by an increase in the spiking amplitudes of the pulse stimuli, as further illustrated in Figure S19 and Table S1 (Supporting Information) (1.6 V: ≈0.05 s, 1.0 V: ≈0.15 s, 0.8 V: ≈1.20 s, 0.4 V: >7.50 s). [40] As the pulse width increases, the number of the accumulated electrons in the ITO layer increases accordingly, resulting in a higher EPSC response. Most notably, even for a low-stimulus amplitude below the threshold voltage (e.g., 1, 0.8, or 0.4 V), the device can still express "pain feeling" if the stimulus number is large enough.…”