2D/3D perovskite hybrids as moisture-tolerant and efficient light absorbers for solar cells

Ma, Chaoyan; Leng, Chongqian; Ji, Yixiong; Wei, Xingzhan; Sun, Kuan; Tang, Linlong; Yang, Jun; Luo, Wei; Li, Chaolong; Deng, Yunsheng; Feng, Shuanglong; Shen, Jun; Lu, Shirong; Du, Chunlei; Shi, Haofei

doi:10.1039/c6nr04741f

Cited by 230 publications

(194 citation statements)

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“…[10] Related research [6] have shown that the small 2D crystallites formed on top of 3D MAPbI 3 layer. [11,12] The subgap quantum efficiency (QE) spectra further support the structural similarity between pristine and target perovskites (Figure 2f). In this regard, further structural analysis was performed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis.…”

supporting

confidence: 53%

“…In this regard, further structural analysis was performed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. [11] Previous experimental results indicate that the former type of complex formation depends on the electron-donating power of heteroatom ligands. The major diffraction peaks appeared near 14°, 24°, 28°, and 32° (2θ), which corresponds to the (110), (202), (220), and (310) lattice planes, respectively.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Enhanced Moisture Stability by Butyldimethylsulfonium Cation in Perovskite Solar Cells

Kim

Lee

et al. 2019

Advanced Science

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Many organic cations in halide perovskites have been studied for their application in perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Most organic cations in PSCs are based on the protic nitrogen cores, which are susceptible to deprotonation. Here, a new candidate of fully alkylated sulfonium cation (butyldimethylsulfonium; BDMS) is designed and successfully assembled into PSCs with the aim of increasing humidity stability. The BDMS‐based perovskites retain the structural and optical features of pristine perovskite, which results in the comparable photovoltaic performance. However, the fully alkylated aprotic nature of BDMS shows a much more pronounced effect on the increase in humidity stability, which emphasizes a generic electronic difference between protic ammonium and aprotic sulfonium cation. The current results would pave a new way to explore cations for the development of promising PSCs.

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confidence: 53%

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confidence: 99%

Enhanced Moisture Stability by Butyldimethylsulfonium Cation in Perovskite Solar Cells

Kim

Lee

et al. 2019

Advanced Science

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“…The PEA + ions act to tighten FAPbI 3 , passivate the surface defects which subsequently enhance the phase and moisture stability. [125] Ma et al demonstrated a 2D/3D multidimensional hybrid perovskite of CA 2 PbI 4 /MAPbI x Cl 3−x with astonishing humidity resistance via a two-step process with an optical bandgap of 1.59 eV and such high stability that no degradation occurred even after 40 d. [126] In this work, they covered the 3D perovskite with an in situ 2D perovskite; the thin upper layer of the 2D perovskite sharply increased the moisture tolerance by limiting water diffusion and increasing surface hydrophobicity (Figure 8). In addition, Yuan et al have reported that after partly substituting the CH 3 NH 3 + cation with a large ionic radius C 8 H 9 NH 3 (PEA), the hybrid 2D/3D perovskite PEA 2 (CH 3 NH 3 ) n−1 Pb n I 3n+1 exhibits a record high PLQY.…”

Section: D/3d Multidimensional Perovskitementioning

confidence: 99%

Low‐Dimensional Perovskites: From Synthesis to Stability in Perovskite Solar Cells

Yusoff

Nazeeruddin

2017

Advanced Energy Materials

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ruthenium molecular dye, wide absorption range, direct and tunable bandgaps, superior charge carrier mobility, and long carrier diffusion length. [6,[43][44][45] Although it has been synthesized for over 100 years, Mitzi et al. were the first to investigate the electrical properties of tin-based perovskite in 1994, [46] which was later used in numerous devices, including field effect transistors (FETs) and LEDs. [47][48][49] The attention toward metal halide perovskites sparked yet again in 2009, [42] and they were later named one of the most promising emerging technologies in 2016. In brief, metal halide perovskites can be divided into two types based on their crystal structure motif: (i) 3D-structured perovskite (AMX 3 ) and (ii) 2D-structured perovskite (A 2 MX 4 ). The structure of the perovskite could either be 2D or 3D, while the dimensions of the perovskite probably belong to 0D-3D. The term "perovskite" implies to the general class of materials derived from an elemental composition of AMX 3 and demonstrates the crystal structure of perovskite crystal CaTiO 3 , where the divalent metal M resides at the body center and surrounded by six X-anions located at the face centers in an octahedral cluster. The MX 6 in the octahedral cluster may form an extended 3D structure by all-corner-connected type with A-cation sitting at the center. It could also form a 2D perovskite when the 3D perovskite network is cut into one-layer-thick slices along the 〈100〉 direction and separates them apart. In principle, 2D perovskite is the easiest to synthesize because of its natural layered structure, which is held together by weak van der Waals forces. Dou et al. reported the large-scale synthesis of the monolayer (C 4 H 9 NH 3 ) 2 -PbBr 4 by a chemical method. [50] Along the same lines, several groups have prepared and characterized nanomaterials composed of various forms of perovskites. [51][52][53] Also, our group has recently successfully prepared a low-dimensional mixed 2D/3D perovskite using the protonated salt of amino valeric acid iodide (AVAI) as an organic precursor mixed with PbI 2 , in which a yellowish film was containing needle-like crystallite formed. [54] In this topical review, we present the latest advances in the synthesis of low-dimensional perovskites and the growth mechanism to develop a strategy to achieve best performing devices. Later, we focus the instability and a cost-effective solution to circumvent this problem, which is vital for the eventual deployment of perovskite solar cells to consumers market. We present an analysis of the origins for instability in perovskite solar cells, and present a summary of the main achievements and possible future developments of these low-dimensional perovskite. [2,55] Perovskite solar cells have been heralded as one of the most promising emerging technologies in 2016 because of the very high power conversion efficiency of 22% and the low cost of generating electricity compared to even fossil fuels. These are formed with various dimensionalities and can be fully mani...

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“…(PEA) 2 (MA) n −1 Pb n I 3 n +1 , (BA) 2 (MA) n –1 Pb n I 3 n +1 , and other 2D layer‐structured OIHPs have been intensively investigated and applied to photovoltaic fields with promising PCEs 8, 107, 108, 109, 110, 111, 112, 113, 114. A p‐type (C 6 H 9 C 2 H 4 NH 3 ) 2 PbI 4 perovskite was studied to reveal the photophysics behind this van der Waals structure, and the Wannier–Mott excitons were suggested to strongly contribute to the I light despite their greater binding energy ( E b ) at room temperature 115.…”

Section: Oihps‐based Pdsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Photodetectors Based on Organic–Inorganic Hybrid Lead Halide Perovskites

2017

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Recent years have witnessed skyrocketing research achievements in organic–inorganic hybrid lead halide perovskites (OIHPs) in the photovoltaic field. In addition to photovoltaics, more and more studies have focused on OIHPs‐based photodetectors in the past two years, due to the remarkable optoelectronic properties of OIHPs. This article summarizes the latest progress in this research field. To begin with, the factors influencing the performance of photodetectors are discussed, including both internal and external factors. In particular, the channel width and the incident power intensities should be taken into account to precisely and objectively evaluate and compare the output performance of different photodetectors. Next, photodetectors fabricated on single‐component perovskites in terms of different micromorphologies are discussed, namely, 3D thin‐film and single crystalline, 2D nanoplates, 1D nanowires, and 0D nanocrystals, respectively. Then, bilayer structured perovskite‐based photodetectors incorporating inorganic and organic semiconductors are discussed to improve the optoelectronic performance of their pristine counterparts. Additionally, flexible OIHPs‐based photodetectors are highlighted. Finally, a brief conclusion and outlook is given on the progress and challenges in the field of perovskites‐based photodetectors.

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2D/3D perovskite hybrids as moisture-tolerant and efficient light absorbers for solar cells

Cited by 230 publications

References 27 publications

Enhanced Moisture Stability by Butyldimethylsulfonium Cation in Perovskite Solar Cells

Enhanced Moisture Stability by Butyldimethylsulfonium Cation in Perovskite Solar Cells

Low‐Dimensional Perovskites: From Synthesis to Stability in Perovskite Solar Cells

Photodetectors Based on Organic–Inorganic Hybrid Lead Halide Perovskites

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