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Abstract

The most prevalent condition affecting the nails is onychomycosis. It is a typical nail fungal infection that causes millions of individuals globally. Yeasts, non-dermatophyte moulds, and dermatophytes can all be the cause. It's not only results in physical discomfort but also has a major negative effect on the affected person's quality of life. This infection affects the nails of the toes and fingers, causing discoloration, thickness, and brittleness of the nails. While the condition is not life threating, but it can be uncomfortable and unsightly, leading many patients to seek treatment. Previously these treatments ranged from oral medication to topical ointments and laser therapy, each with its benefits and drawbacks Fortunately, recent improvements in onychomycosis diagnosis and treatment have provided new hope for patients. It will deal with the recent treatment available and the novel treatment which can be developed. In this comprehensive review, we will explore the latest research and developments in the field, discussing novel treatment modalities, diagnostic techniques, and safety considerations. Additionally, new techniques include photodynamic treatment and laser therapy are discussed, emphasizing their potential in overcoming the limitations of traditional treatments. Furthermore, we examine the importance of early diagnosis and patient education in improving treatment outcomes. INTRODUCTION:Nail fungus, or onychomycosis, is characterised by thickness, discoloration, and detachment of the nail from the nail bed. Dermatophytes, like Trichophyton rubrum and mentagrophytes, are the main culprits; they cause about 90% of nail infections in toenails and 75% of nail infections in fingers. Onychomycosis can also be caused by other organisms, such as yeasts and non-dermatophyte Moulds 1-5 .