Genetic and Morphologic Identification of Spirometra ranarum in Myanmar

Jeon, Hyeong-Kyu; Park, Hansol; Lee, Dongmin; Choe, Seongjun; Kang, Yujin; Bia, Mohammed Mebarek; Lee, Sang-Hwa; Sohn, Woon-Mok; Hong, Sung-Jong; Chai, Jong-Yil; Eom, Keeseon S.

doi:10.3347/kjp.2018.56.3.275

Cited by 23 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…There has been little information regarding the occurrence of spargana and Spirometra spp. tapeworms in Myanmar, with the exception of Jeon et al [28]. Jeon et al [28] detected 5 spargana from 20 Chinese edible frogs from Yangon, Myanmar and recovered adult Spirometra sp.…”

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Larval Gnathostomes and Spargana in Chinese Edible Frogs, Hoplobatrachus rugulosus, from Myanmar: Potential Risk of Human Infection

et al. 2020

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Chinese edible frogs, Hoplobatrachus rugulosus, were examined to estimate the potential risks of human gnathostomiasis and sparganosis in Myanmar. A total of 20 frogs were purchased in a local market of Yangon and examined with naked eyes and the artificial digestion method after skin peeling in June 2018 and June 2019. Larvae of gnathostomes and Spirometra (=spargana) were detected in 15 (75.0%) and 15 (75.0%) frogs with average intensities of 10.5 and 6.3 larvae per infected frog, respectively. Gnathostome larvae were 2.75-3.80 (av. 3.30) mm long and 0.29-0.36 (0.33) mm wide. They had a characteristic head bulb with 4 rows of hooklets, a muscular long esophagus, and 2 pairs of cervical sac. The mean number of hooklets were 41, 44, 47, and 50 on the 1st, 2nd, 3rd, and 4th row, respectively. Collected spargana were actively moving, particularly with the scolex part, and have ivory-white color and variable in size. Conclusively, it has been first confirmed that Chinese edible frogs, H. rugulosus, are highly infected with larval gnathostomes and spargana in this study. Consuming these frogs is considered a potential risk of human gnathostomiasis and sparganosis in Myanmar.

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“…tapeworms in Myanmar, with the exception of Jeon et al [28]. Jeon et al [28] detected 5 spargana from 20 Chinese edible frogs from Yangon, Myanmar and recovered adult Spirometra sp. worms from a dog experimentally infected with the spargana.…”

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Larval Gnathostomes and Spargana in Chinese Edible Frogs, Hoplobatrachus rugulosus, from Myanmar: Potential Risk of Human Infection

et al. 2020

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“…Total genomic DNA extraction and PCR reactions were employed as previously described by Jeon et al [21]. Mitochondrial cox1 and nad1 genes were amplified and sequenced by cycle sequencing.…”

Section: Pcr and Dna Sequencingmentioning

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“…Previous studies have dealt with the validity of making Spirometra species assignments based on morphological characteristics that has given rise to 6 Spirometra species as independent species, 38 Spirometra species as the 1 species, and 4 species as valid species [16][17][18]. To date, the genus Spirometra includes S. erinaceieuropaei, S. decipiens, S. masonoides and S. ranarum as valid species [19][20][21][22]. In the present study, a Spirometra species of Tanzania origin obtained from an African leopard (Panthera pardus) and spotted hyena (Crocuta crocuta) was identified based on molecular analysis of cytochrome c oxidase I (cox1) and NADH dehydrogenase subunit I (nad1) as well as by morphological observations of an adult tapeworm.…”

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Identity of Spirometra theileri from a Leopard (Panthera pardus) and Spotted Hyena (Crocuta crocuta) in Tanzania

Eom¹,

Park²,

Lee³

et al. 2019

Korean J Parasitol

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Cestode tapeworms of the genus Spirometra belong to the family Diphyllobothriidae which infect amphibians, birds and mammals. The adult stage of Spirometra spp. parasitize the intestine of carnivores, felids and canids including domestic dogs and cats. Spargana are plerocercoid larvae of cestode tapeworms of the genus Spirometra, which are found in paratenic hosts of Spirometra spp. such as amphibians, reptiles and mammals including humans.Spirometrid tapeworms previously reported in African mammals were described by Baer (1924) [1]. S. pretoriensis was assigned the name Lühella pretoriense (Baer, 1924) and became synonymous with Diphyllobothrium pretoriense by Baer (1926), which was found in bat-eared fox (Otocyon megalotis) from South Africa (Baer, 1926) and later in African wild dog (Lycaon pictus) from Congo (Baer and Fain, 1955) [2]. S. theileri has been found in bush cat (Leptailurus serval), tiger cat (Felis lybica) near Pretoria, and lion from Congo (Baer, 1959) [3]. According to some studies, Spirometra and Taenia species were the most prevalent parasites in African lion, spotted hyena and African wild dog [4][5][6][7][8]. The spotted hyenas in Kenya and Zambia were reported to have a high rate of Spirometra infection with 74.3% and 22% in the feces of examined animals, respectively [5]. Some lions in Tanzania and Zambia were noted as having 63% and 87% infection of spirometrid tapeworms, respectively [5,6]. Spirometra species were the most commonly found in lion and second most common parasite in hyenas. The Spirometra species in lions is S. theileri whereas the species found in hyenas is generally accepted to be S. pretoriensis, although both ISSN (Print) Abstract: In the present study, a Spirometra species of Tanzania origin obtained from an African leopard (Panthera pardus) and spotted hyena (Crocuta crocuta) was identified based on molecular analysis of cytochrome c oxidase I (cox1) and NADH dehydrogenase subunit I (nad1) as well as by morphological observations of an adult tapeworm. One strobila and several segments of a Spirometra species were obtained from the intestine of an African male leopard (Panthera pardus) and spotted hyena (Crocuta crocuta) in the Maswa Game Reserve of Tanzania. The morphological characteristics of S. theileri observed comprised 3 uterine loops on one side and 4 on the other side of the mid-line, a uterine pore situated posterior to the vagina and alternating irregularly either to the right or left of the latter, and vesicular seminis that were much smaller than other Spirometra species. Sequence differences in the cox1 and nad1 genes between S. theileri (Tanzania origin) and S. erinaceieuropaei were 10.1% (cox1) and 12.0% (nad1), while those of S. decipiens and S. ranarum were 9.6%, 9.8% (cox1) and 13.0%, 12.6% (nad1), respectively. The morphological features of the Tanzania-origin Spirometra specimens coincided with those of S. theileri, and the molecular data was also consistent with that of S. theileri, thereby demonstrating the distribution of S. theileri in Tanz...

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“…The most recent studies reported identification of S. ranarum from frogs ( Hoplobatrachus rugulosus ; syn: Rana rugulosa ) in Myanmar by morphological and genetic analyses [ 8 ]. Another report demonstrated the distribution of S. ranarum from lions in Tanzania by analysis of 2 complete mitochondrial genes and morphological observations (to be published).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

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Molecular Genetic Findings of Spirometra decipiens and S. ranarum in Korea

et al. 2018

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The taxonomy of Spirometra species has been controversial despite the medical and veterinary importance. Currently, only a few Spirometra species are considered valid species in the genus Spirometra. In the present study, the distribution of Spirometra species obtained from animals in Korea were identified by molecular analysis of the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase I (cox1) gene. A total of 28 Spirometra species specimens were analyzed. These were all collected between 1973 and 2008 in the Republic of Korea. Mitochondrial cox1 sequences were examined for a total of 28 specimens comprising 14 S. decipiens and 14 S. ranarum. The difference in partial cox1 sequences (316 bp) between S. erinaceieuropaei (KJ599680) and S. ranarum (this study) was 9.3%, while that between S. decipiens (KJ599679) and S. ranarum (this study) was 2.2%. Genetic analyses identified 2 Spirometra species in animals such as cat, leopard cat, dog, duck and snake in Korea as S. decipiens and S. ranarum. S. decipiens and S. ranarum were present in Gyeongnam Province (P), Jeonnam P, Gangwon P, Chungbuk P, and Seoul. S. decipiens was found in tadpoles, snakes, ducks, cats, leopard cats and dogs, while S. ranarum was found in cats and dogs. The ratio of S. decipiens:S. ranarum calculated from the molecular data was 14:14 (or 1:1). These results indicate that S. decipiens and S. ranarum are sympatrically distributed in Korea.

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Genetic and Morphologic Identification of Spirometra ranarum in Myanmar

Cited by 23 publications

References 18 publications

Larval Gnathostomes and Spargana in Chinese Edible Frogs, Hoplobatrachus rugulosus, from Myanmar: Potential Risk of Human Infection

Larval Gnathostomes and Spargana in Chinese Edible Frogs, Hoplobatrachus rugulosus, from Myanmar: Potential Risk of Human Infection

Identity of Spirometra theileri from a Leopard (Panthera pardus) and Spotted Hyena (Crocuta crocuta) in Tanzania

Molecular Genetic Findings of Spirometra decipiens and S. ranarum in Korea

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