Novel amides of 1,1‐bis‐(carboxymethylthio)‐1‐arylethanes: Synthesis, characterization, acetylcholinesterase, butyrylcholinesterase, and carbonic anhydrase inhibitory properties

Abstract

The thiolation reaction was carried out in a benzene solution at 80°C and p-substituted ketones and mercaptoacetic acid in a molar ratio (1:4) of in the presence of a catalytic amount of toluene sulfonic acids. The enzyme inhibition activities of the novel amides of 1,1-bis-(carboxymethylthio)-1-arylethanes derivatives were investigated. These novel amides of 1,1-bis-(carboxymethylthio)-1-arylethanes derivatives showed good inhibitory action against acetylcholinesterase (AChE) butyrylcholinesterase (BChE), and human carbonic anhydrase I and II isoforms (hCA I and II). AChE inhibitors, interacting with the enzyme as their primary target, are applied as relevant drugs and toxins. Many clinically established drugs are carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, and it is highly anticipated that many more will eventually find their way into the market. The novel synthesized compounds inhibited AChE and BChE with K values in the range of 0.64-1.47 nM and 9.11-48.12 nM, respectively. On the other hand, hCA I and II were effectively inhibited by these compounds, with K values between 63.27-132.34 and of 29.63-127.31 nM, respectively.

The effects of zingerone against vancomycin‐induced lung, liver, kidney and testis toxicity in rats: The behavior of some metabolic enzymes

“…In addition, increased AChE and BChE enzyme activities are associated with impairment of cholinergic neurons . These enzymes can be found in central nervous system, erythrocytes, brain, heart, liver, kidney, pancreas, and lung . Similar studies are found in literature.…”

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Tannic acid as a natural antioxidant compound: Discovery of a potent metabolic enzyme inhibitor for a new therapeutic approach in diabetes and Alzheimer's disease

“…The α‐glycosidase enzyme has been recorded to be of particular concern in pharmaceutical studies, since the inhibitory activity of this metabolic enzyme can perform lagged glucose absorption and the liberation of the glucose molecule from complex carbohydrate compounds, resulting in decreased postprandial plasma blood glucose and suppression of postprandial hyperglycemia . α‐Glycosidase inhibitor (AGI) compounds have been considered as therapeutic agents for the treatment of symptoms such as hyperglycemia, obesity, and type II non‐insulin–dependent diabetes milletus (DM2).…”

Inhibition profiles of Voriconazole against acetylcholinesterase, α‐glycosidase, and human carbonic anhydrase I and II isoenzymes

“…AZA is used as a control for CA inhibitors (CAIs) and for the medical treatment of glaucoma, altitude sickness, epileptic seizure, dural ectasia, and idiopathic intracranial hypertension . In addition, CA II was chosen because of its antiglaucoma effects, while CA I was chosen because its dispensation in the gastrointestinal tract and in the blood is one of the main functions of such pharmacological agents . CAIs have been utilized to treat a variety of diseases, including glaucoma, epilepsy and altitude sickness.…”