Sleep variability and nighttime activity among Tsimane forager‐horticulturalists

Yetish, Gandhi; Kaplan, Hillard; Gurven, Michael

doi:10.1002/ajpa.23454

Cited by 15 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 43 publications

(67 reference statements)

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“…3B,D). This observation is consistent with previous studies in laboratory animals and humans, whose sleep is frequently punctuated with brief awakenings 56–59,64–68 . We next quantified the number and duration of brief awakenings occurring during the day, which revealed that these events occur on average 1–2 times per hour and mostly last <5 min (Fig.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 93%

Environment shapes sleep patterns in a wild nocturnal primate

Reinhardt

Vyazovskiy

Hernández‐Aguilar

et al. 2019

Sci Rep

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Among primates, the suborder Haplorhini is considered to have evolved a consolidated monophasic sleep pattern, with diurnal species requiring a shorter sleep duration than nocturnal species. Only a few primate species have been systematically studied in their natural habitat where environmental variables, including temperature and light, have a major influence on sleep and activity patterns. Here we report the first sleep study on a nocturnal primate performed in the wild. We fitted seven wild Javan slow lorises ( Nycticebus javanicus ) in West Java, Indonesia with accelerometers that collected activity data, and installed climate loggers in each individual’s home range to collect ambient temperature readings (over 321 days in total). All individuals showed a strictly nocturnal pattern of activity and displayed a striking synchronisation of onset and cessation of activity in relation to sunset and sunrise. The longest consolidated rest episodes were typically clustered near the beginning and towards the end of the light period, and this pattern was inversely related to daily fluctuations of the ambient temperature. The striking relationship between daily activity patterns, light levels and temperature suggests a major role of the environment in shaping the daily architecture of waking and sleep. We concluded that well-known phenotypic variability in daily sleep amount and architecture across species may represent an adaptation to changes in the environment. Our data suggest that the consolidated monophasic sleep patterns shaped by environmental pressures observed in slow lorises represent phylogenetic inertia in the evolution of sleep patterns in humans.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 93%

Environment shapes sleep patterns in a wild nocturnal primate

Reinhardt

Vyazovskiy

Hernández‐Aguilar

et al. 2019

Sci Rep

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“…Foraging societies in particular display short sleep durations, with averages ranging from 6.23 h in a Hadza community 5 to 6.97 h in a San community 13 . However, research in small scale subsistence societies has found considerable plasticity in average sleep duration from night to night 3 , 11 , 13 , 17 , a finding that has been attributed to myriad influences, including season, ambient temperature, and behavioral factors 14 . Sleep quality has also been found to be variable in foraging, horticultural, and pastoral populations 5 , 13 , 16 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Despite the biological necessity of sleep, individuals balance their sleep time with social and subsistence demands 22 . Humans incur sleep debt for increased opportunities of socialization, information gathering, caregiving, and work activities 17 , 23 , 24 . These activities are often rooted in social role expectations between men and women, leading to gender-differentiated sleep outcomes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gender differences in BaYaka forager sleep-wake patterns in forest and village contexts

Kilius

Samson

Lew‐Levy

et al. 2021

Sci Rep

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Sleep studies in small-scale subsistence societies have broadened our understanding of cross-cultural sleep patterns, revealing the flexibility of human sleep. We examined sleep biology among BaYaka foragers from the Republic of Congo who move between environmentally similar but socio-ecologically distinct locations to access seasonal resources. We analyzed the sleep–wake patterns of 51 individuals as they resided in a village location (n = 39) and a forest camp (n = 23) (362 nights total). Overall, BaYaka exhibited high sleep fragmentation (50.5) and short total sleep time (5.94 h), suggestive of segmented sleep patterns. Sleep duration did not differ between locations, although poorer sleep quality was exhibited in the village. Linear mixed effect models demonstrated that women’s sleep differed significantly from men’s in the forest, with longer total sleep time (β ± SE = − 0.22 ± 0.09, confidence interval (CI) = [− 0.4, − 0.03]), and higher sleep quality (efficiency; β ± SE = − 0.24 ± 0.09, CI = [− 0.42, − 0.05]). These findings may be due to gender-specific social and economic activities. Circadian rhythms were consistent between locations, with women exhibiting stronger circadian stability. We highlight the importance of considering intra-cultural variation in sleep–wake patterns when taking sleep research into the field.

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“…The growing body of research investigating human and non‐human primate sleep patterns (e.g., sleep architecture [REM/NREM], intensity, duration, and continuity [rate of waking]) reveals greater differences within than between individuals. This is shown nicely by Yetish, Kaplan, and Gurven () in an experimental approach to sleep among Tsimane hunter‐horticulturalists in Amazonian Bolivia.…”

Section: Particularities Of Human Sleepmentioning

confidence: 60%

Sleep and nesting behavior in primates: A review

Fruth

Tagg

Stewart

2018

American J Phys Anthropol

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Sleep is a universal behavior in vertebrate and invertebrate animals, suggesting it originated in the very first life forms. Given the vital function of sleep, sleeping patterns and sleep architecture follow dynamic and adaptive processes reflecting trade-offs to different selective pressures. Here, we review responses in sleep and sleep-related behavior to environmental constraints across primate species, focusing on the role of great ape nest building in hominid evolution. We summarize and synthesize major hypotheses explaining the proximate and ultimate functions of great ape nest building across all species and subspecies; we draw on 46 original studies published between 2000 and 2017. In addition, we integrate the most recent data brought together by researchers from a complementary range of disciplines in the frame of the symposium "Burning the midnight oil" held at the 26th Congress of the International Primatological Society, Chicago, August 2016, as well as some additional contributors, each of which is included as a "stand-alone" article in this "Primate Sleep" symposium set. In doing so, we present crucial factors to be considered in describing scenarios of human sleep evolution: (a) the implications of nest construction for sleep quality and cognition; (b) the tree-to-ground transition in early hominids; (c) the peculiarities of human sleep. We propose bridging disciplines such as neurobiology, endocrinology, medicine, and evolutionary ecology, so that future research may disentangle the major functions of sleep in human and nonhuman primates, namely its role in energy allocation, health, and cognition.

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Sleep variability and nighttime activity among Tsimane forager‐horticulturalists

Cited by 15 publications

References 43 publications

Environment shapes sleep patterns in a wild nocturnal primate

Environment shapes sleep patterns in a wild nocturnal primate

Gender differences in BaYaka forager sleep-wake patterns in forest and village contexts

Sleep and nesting behavior in primates: A review

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