Abstract:Interleukin-9 (IL-9) is a multifunctional cytokine involved in protective immunity or immunopathology depending on the microenvironment and specific disease settings. Our early study determined that IL-9 and Th9 cells participate in and promote the progression of experimental autoimmune myasthenia gravis (EAMG). The data from this study showed that exogenous recombinant rat IL-9 (rrIL-9) acted as an IL-9 receptor antagonist, reduced the incidence of EAMG in rats, alleviated the severity of the disease, and red… Show more
“…The ectopic expression of cytokines likely participates in the development of MG due to important roles in immune responses and inflammatory diseases (Binks et al, 2016 ; Gilhus, 2009 ). Interleukin‐9 (IL‐9) is a multifunctional cytokine that is involved in the immunopathologic changes and protective immunity due to specific disease settings and microenvironments (Yao et al, 2018 ). The IL‐23/Th17 cell pathway is a potential target to diminish persistent thymic inflammation in patients with MG (Villegas et al, 2019 ).…”
Myasthenia gravis (MG) is a disease involving neuromuscular transmission that causes fatigue of skeletal muscles and fluctuating weakness. It has been shown that impairment of myogenic differentiation and myofiber maturation may be the underlying cause of MG. In this study, we detected the abnormal expression of circular RNA (circRNA) using next‐generation sequencing in patients with MG. We then investigated the regulatory mechanism and the relationship among circRNA, microRNA, and messenger RNA using quantitative reverse‐transcription polymerase chain reaction, bioinformatics analysis, and luciferase report analysis. The expression of inflammatory cytokines and regulatory T lymphocytes was shown to be increased. Circ‐FBL was significantly increased in MG patients. Bioinformatics and luciferase report analyses confirmed that miR‐133 and PAX7 were the downstream targets of circ‐FBL. Overexpression of circ‐FBL promoted myoblast proliferation by regulation of miR‐133/PAX7. Taken together, our study showed that upregulation of circ‐FBL promoted myogenic proliferation in patients with MG by regulating miR‐133/PAX7.
“…The ectopic expression of cytokines likely participates in the development of MG due to important roles in immune responses and inflammatory diseases (Binks et al, 2016 ; Gilhus, 2009 ). Interleukin‐9 (IL‐9) is a multifunctional cytokine that is involved in the immunopathologic changes and protective immunity due to specific disease settings and microenvironments (Yao et al, 2018 ). The IL‐23/Th17 cell pathway is a potential target to diminish persistent thymic inflammation in patients with MG (Villegas et al, 2019 ).…”
Myasthenia gravis (MG) is a disease involving neuromuscular transmission that causes fatigue of skeletal muscles and fluctuating weakness. It has been shown that impairment of myogenic differentiation and myofiber maturation may be the underlying cause of MG. In this study, we detected the abnormal expression of circular RNA (circRNA) using next‐generation sequencing in patients with MG. We then investigated the regulatory mechanism and the relationship among circRNA, microRNA, and messenger RNA using quantitative reverse‐transcription polymerase chain reaction, bioinformatics analysis, and luciferase report analysis. The expression of inflammatory cytokines and regulatory T lymphocytes was shown to be increased. Circ‐FBL was significantly increased in MG patients. Bioinformatics and luciferase report analyses confirmed that miR‐133 and PAX7 were the downstream targets of circ‐FBL. Overexpression of circ‐FBL promoted myoblast proliferation by regulation of miR‐133/PAX7. Taken together, our study showed that upregulation of circ‐FBL promoted myogenic proliferation in patients with MG by regulating miR‐133/PAX7.
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