Update on the Gastrointestinal Microbiome in Systemic Sclerosis

Bellocchi, Chiara; Volkmann, Elizabeth R.

doi:10.1007/s11926-018-0758-9

Cited by 45 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 114 publications

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“…Another important component of the GI-specific pathology is gut microbiota that affect the development and function of the immune system, and seem to play a role in autoimmune diseases through microbiota-related immune dysfunction [ 169 , 170 , 171 ]. In SSc, several cohorts have demonstrated that intestinal microbiota composition differs from that of healthy individuals; in particular, decreased levels of commensal bacteria, such as Faecalibacterium , Clostridium and Bacteroides , and increased levels of pathobiont bacteria, such as Fusobacterium and γ-Proteobacteria [ 172 , 173 ]. At this moment, it is unclear whether microbiota changes precipitate and perpetuate the SSc-associated immune system, or result from SSc itself and/or related therapies.…”

Section: The Additional Organ-specific Pathologiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Pathogenesis of Systemic Sclerosis: An Understanding Based on a Common Pathologic Cascade across Multiple Organs and Additional Organ-Specific Pathologies

Asano

2020

JCM

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Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a multisystem autoimmune and vascular disease resulting in fibrosis of various organs with unknown etiology. Accumulating evidence suggests that a common pathologic cascade across multiple organs and additional organ-specific pathologies underpin SSc development. The common pathologic cascade starts with vascular injury due to autoimmune attacks and unknown environmental factors. After that, dysregulated angiogenesis and defective vasculogenesis promote vascular structural abnormalities, such as capillary loss and arteriolar stenosis, while aberrantly activated endothelial cells facilitate the infiltration of circulating immune cells into perivascular areas of various organs. Arteriolar stenosis directly causes pulmonary arterial hypertension, scleroderma renal crisis and digital ulcers. Chronic inflammation persistently activates interstitial fibroblasts, leading to the irreversible fibrosis of multiple organs. The common pathologic cascade interacts with a variety of modifying factors in each organ, such as keratinocytes and adipocytes in the skin, esophageal stratified squamous epithelia and myenteric nerve system in gastrointestinal tract, vasospasm of arterioles in the heart and kidney, and microaspiration of gastric content in the lung. To better understand SSc pathogenesis and develop new disease-modifying therapies, it is quite important to understand the complex pathogenesis of SSc from the two distinct perspectives, namely the common pathologic cascade and additional organ-specific pathologies.

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Section: The Additional Organ-specific Pathologiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Pathogenesis of Systemic Sclerosis: An Understanding Based on a Common Pathologic Cascade across Multiple Organs and Additional Organ-Specific Pathologies

Asano

2020

JCM

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“…Alterations of these microbial communities are extremely connecting with various diseases. These alterations lead to elevated gut permeability and reduced gut mucosal immunity, contributing to the development of various cancers [10,11,12], autoimmune disorders [13,14,15], inflammatory bowel diseases [16,17,18], metabolic syndrome [19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28] and neurodegenerative diseases [29,30,31,32,33]. In addition, the elevated intestinal permeability is consequences of reduced expression of tight junction proteins that may favor to the uncontrolled passage of antigens.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Causal Relationship between Diet-Induced Gut Microbiota Changes and Diabetes: A Novel Strategy to Transplant Faecalibacterium prausnitzii in Preventing Diabetes

Ganesan

Chung

Vanamala

et al. 2018

IJMS

155

102

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The incidence of metabolic disorders, including diabetes, has elevated exponentially during the last decades and enhanced the risk of a variety of complications, such as diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. In the present review, we have highlighted the new insights on the complex relationships between diet-induced modulation of gut microbiota and metabolic disorders, including diabetes. Literature from various library databases and electronic searches (ScienceDirect, PubMed, and Google Scholar) were randomly collected. There exists a complex relationship between diet and gut microbiota, which alters the energy balance, health impacts, and autoimmunity, further causes inflammation and metabolic dysfunction, including diabetes. Faecalibacterium prausnitzii is a butyrate-producing bacterium, which plays a vital role in diabetes. Transplantation of F. prausnitzii has been used as an intervention strategy to treat dysbiosis of the gut’s microbial community that is linked to the inflammation, which precedes autoimmune disease and diabetes. The review focuses on literature that highlights the benefits of the microbiota especially, the abundant of F. prausnitzii in protecting the gut microbiota pattern and its therapeutic potential against inflammation and diabetes.

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“…Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a chronic autoimmune disease characterized by vascular abnormalities, and fibrosis of the skin and of other organs, including the heart, kidneys, lungs, etc. Its etiology is still nebulous, but genetic [302] and epigenetic [303,304] factors, as well as abnormalities in the gut microbiota [305], and oxidative stress [306] were shown to play a role in its development. The initial trigger is considered to be an autoimmune reaction against endothelial cells leading to the characteristic vascular abnormalities, but inappropriate immune cell—fibroblast cross-talk leading to progressive fibrosis and differentiation of fibroblasts to α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) positive myofibroblasts are also very important [307].…”

Section: Translational Potential Of the Cutaneous Cannabinoid Signmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cannabinoid Signaling in the Skin: Therapeutic Potential of the “C(ut)annabinoid” System

et al. 2019

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The endocannabinoid system (ECS) has lately been proven to be an important, multifaceted homeostatic regulator, which influences a wide-variety of physiological processes all over the body. Its members, the endocannabinoids (eCBs; e.g., anandamide), the eCB-responsive receptors (e.g., CB1, CB2), as well as the complex enzyme and transporter apparatus involved in the metabolism of the ligands were shown to be expressed in several tissues, including the skin. Although the best studied functions over the ECS are related to the central nervous system and to immune processes, experimental efforts over the last two decades have unambiguously confirmed that cutaneous cannabinoid (“c[ut]annabinoid”) signaling is deeply involved in the maintenance of skin homeostasis, barrier formation and regeneration, and its dysregulation was implicated to contribute to several highly prevalent diseases and disorders, e.g., atopic dermatitis, psoriasis, scleroderma, acne, hair growth and pigmentation disorders, keratin diseases, various tumors, and itch. The current review aims to give an overview of the available skin-relevant endo- and phytocannabinoid literature with a special emphasis on the putative translational potential, and to highlight promising future research directions as well as existing challenges.

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Update on the Gastrointestinal Microbiome in Systemic Sclerosis

Cited by 45 publications

References 114 publications

The Pathogenesis of Systemic Sclerosis: An Understanding Based on a Common Pathologic Cascade across Multiple Organs and Additional Organ-Specific Pathologies

The Pathogenesis of Systemic Sclerosis: An Understanding Based on a Common Pathologic Cascade across Multiple Organs and Additional Organ-Specific Pathologies

Causal Relationship between Diet-Induced Gut Microbiota Changes and Diabetes: A Novel Strategy to Transplant Faecalibacterium prausnitzii in Preventing Diabetes

Cannabinoid Signaling in the Skin: Therapeutic Potential of the “C(ut)annabinoid” System

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